Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Российский научный центр "Восстановительная травматология и ортопедия" им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Курган, Россия Comparative biochemical analysis of synovial fluid constituents in infected cases following total knee replacement

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of joint arthroplasty. The identification of microorganisms in biofilm-related PJI is challenging yet significant stage of the treatment process. Medical microbiology methods, such as pure culture isolation, remain the gold standard. However, the error rate of classical methods may vary from 10% to as high as 42% due to the inability to detect bacteria growing within biofilms. Other methods of detection are being explored to improve the management of PJI. AIM: Accurate identification of PJI contributing microorganisms in a patient with acute postoperative PJI after total hip joint arthroplasty and systemic lupus erythematosus in anamnesis. METHODS: We used microbial culture methods followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Perioperative an intraoperative cultural analysis of 8 different culture samples of tissue and prosthetic origin was insufficient for bacterial or fungal detection. Scanning electron microscopy revealed detailed biofilm visualisation on the surface of the prosthetic component. The biofilm exterior was composed of microbial clusters made of 10 or more cells with either pear- or bottle-shaped morphology, 3-6 mcm in length and 1.5-3 mcm in diameter. Rod-shaped microorganisms of 0.7-1 mcm length and up to 0.5 mcm in diameter were found adjacent to these clusters. CONCLUSION: Additional methods for PJI agents’ detection are time-and cost-effective in the case of the challenging diagnostics of biofilm-related PJI, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Using combined diagnostic approaches increases the accuracy of detection, justifies treatment strategies and improves clinical outcomes.

Objective. To analyze the frequency and types of microbial infection of the intervertebral disc in degenerative diseases of the spine and to compare the obtained data with the results of pathohistological, X-ray and MRI studies to determine tactical approaches to surgical interventions on the spine. Material and Methods. The study was performed in 97 patients who underwent surgical treatment for degenerative spine disease. Discectomy was performed in 48 patients, and single-or multilevel decompression and stabilization in 49. Microbiological (117 samples) and pathohistological (73 samples) studies of disc material, clinical and neurological examinations of patients, and evaluation of X-ray and MRI findings were carried out. Results. Bacterial culture of the disc material was positive in 27.0 % of cases of discectomy and in 30.6 % of decompression and stabilization cases. The most frequent pathogens were obligate-anaerobic gram-positive bacteria (P. acnes) and epidermal staphylococci (S. epidermidis), in 42.8 % and 31.4 % of cases, respectively. The mixed microflora was detected in 20.0 % of observations. Pathohistological study revealed the signs of chronic inflammation in 42.8 % of patients with disc infection and in 5.7 % of patients without infection. There was no significant correlation between infection of the disc and chronic diseases, clinical manifestations, sequester, Modic type 1 changes in MRI, segment instability, and changes in CT. Conclusion. The probability of disc infection is higher in repeated operations and in degenerative lesion of discs with pain and radicular syndrome. The most reliable mechanism of intervertebral disc infection is the theory of microbial biofilms.

Introduction In the last decade, there has been an increase in the incidence rate of mycoses in patients after injuries and/ or operations performed on limb segments and major joints. Mycoses are difficult to diagnose early because the mycotic flora may mimic the bacterial flora being present in the osteomyelitic nidus and primarily identified in the wound exudate. Objective To develop diagnostic criteria for osteomyelitis complicated with mycotic infection. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 28 patients (17 males and 11 females) aged 21 to 76 years (49 ± 16 years) who were treated for purulent inflammatory lesions of bones and/or joints at the clinic of osteology infection between 2000 and 2018. Results Mycotic infection was pathomorphologically detected in the osteomyelitis nidus of all patients. Patients were treated according to the established protocol including radical sequestrectomy, diagnostic biopsy and postoperative administration of antimicrobial and antifungal therapy. Discussion The study allowed identification of several diagnostic criteria for osteomyelitis complicated by mycotic infection. Pathomorphological examination of surgical specimen from purulent inflammatory nidus was shown to be the keystone in diagnosis of osteomyelitis complicated with mycoses.