Prolonged systematic application of mineral fertilisers contributes to increasing the yielding capacity of agricultural crops. However, it can lead to significant changes in the composition, properties and formation of agricultural soil regimes. The findings of the research have shown that the application of mineral fertilisers leads to the change of radioactive nuclides content in the soil. The research was conducted under conditions of a long-term stationary field experiment (Uman, Ukraine), using different rates of mineral fertilisers N45P45K45, N90P90K90 and N135P135K135. Soil samples (podzolized chernozem) were selected from the depths of 0 – 20, 20 – 40 and 40 – 60 cm. Specific activity of radionuclides was determined by the spectrometric analysis. Using experimental results we have demonstrated that under a long-term application (50 years) different rates of mineral fertilisers effect the specific activity of radioactive isotopes in the soil (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, 90Sr). The specific activity of radionuclides in a podzolized chernozem and in winter wheat grain was established. Winter wheat plants accumulated 232Th at the highest levels, but the use of fertilisers reduced it in a larger mass of the crop. The absorption of radioactive nuclides by winter wheat grain grown after peas and silage corn depending on fertilisation changed similar to growing it after clover as a previous crop. According to the data of specific activity of radioactive nuclides in the soil and winter wheat grain, the coefficient of their biological absorption was calculated.

In the article a parallel between the classical and parametric scheme of agricultural risk insurance is conducted. The application aspects of parametric (index) schemes of insurance with emphasis on the use of weather index insurance products are examined, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. This research examined the applicability along with simple weather index insurance products combined, that can consider and put together a few parameters simultaneously and thus neutralize the impact of the whole weather risks at regional level. The authors demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed combination of weather index (C i)-a special indicator which characterize the impact of weather risk combitation intensity, measured by certain parameters (heat, cold → temperature; air humidification → relative humidity; drought → precipitation) on the grain maize yield in definite growth stages (flowering and grain filling). On the basis of research, the detail mechanism proposed by the authors of the combined weather index (Ci) in general, and on the example of concreate calculations, is performed in particular.

This article justifies the use of a new methodical approach to index insurance of agricultural producers against weather risks, in particular, the use of the thermal-hydraulic combined index (Іth) as the weather index of the effect of several triggers (temperature and precipitation) on yields, taking into account the uniformity of weather and climatic conditions over time. General scientific methods of scientific knowledge and research of economic phenomena are used for the scientific solution. The theoretical and methodological bases of the research are the works of scientists and practitioners involved in researching the market of agricultural insurance services in general and the issues of developing an effective system of agrarian insurance, in particular. The main method of research is the method of mathematical statistics, namely, a multivariate analysis of variance. This article presents research on the application of index insurance schemes while using weather index products. The advantages and disadvantages of these products are considered and the mechanism of the index insurance is described in general. The article considers the possibility of applying a rainfall index with a temperature threshold, and the thermal-hydraulic index (Іth) that takes into account and simultaneously combines several parameters is calculated. Considering the research findings, the authors suggest the adoption of the compound thermalhydraulic index (Іth) and present a detailed description of the functioning of this mechanism. Approbation of the methodological tools was carried out on the example of the Uman District of the Cherkasy Region of central Ukraine.

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