The article identifies and analyzes external factors affecting the activating process of import substitution in Russia as a new economic industrialization tool in Russia, examines and argues in favor of the need to make an overview of the program of integrated development of the Russian economy and formulate ways to accomplish the concept of import substitution of industrialization having developed, mainly in key sectors of economy and the defense industry of Russia. The authors have studied laws and regulations performing an import substitution program of import substitution and industrialization in the defense industry of Russia. The article highlights the obstacles that deter to implement the program of import substitution in the production activities of companies of the Russian defense industry in new conditions of industrial development in the contemporary context. The authors clear up the nature of costinnovation strategy, the practicality of stepping-up community of viable solutions from related areas of scientific expertise, which allow minimizing the time and resources spent on the production of modern and competitive models of weapons and military equipment. The authors determine the significance of the successful implementation plan of import substitution in the Russian defense industry, which is the main tool for its rapid development. Keywords-import substitution; the Defense industry; process of import substitution, new industrialization.