SUMMARYThe role of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the aetiopathogenesis of varicocoele-related male infertility remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether varicocoele is associated with antisperm immune response and whether this factor provides additional affect on male fertility. We performed a multicentral, prospective study that included the clinical examination of 1639 male subjects from infertile couples and 90 fertile men, the evaluation of the absolute and relative risks of immune infertility associated with varicocoele and the impact of the autoimmune response on the semen quality. The methods used were as follows: standard examination of seminal fluid according to WHO criteria; ASA detection in seminal fluid using mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) and direct flow cytometry; measurement of spontaneous and ionophore-induced acrosome reactions; oxidative stress evaluation with luminal-dependent chemiluminescence method and evaluation of DNA fragmentation by sperm chromatin dispersion. The prevalence of varicocoele-related immune infertility is about 15% and does not depend on the grade of vein dilatation both in primary and secondary fertility disorders. Varicocoele is not an immediate cause of autoimmune reactions against spermatozoa, but is a cofactor increasing ASA risk; the OR of immune infertility after a testicular trauma in varicocoele patients increases twofold. In varicocoele patients, the autoimmune antisperm reaction is accompanied by a more significant decrease in the semen quality (concentration and number of progressively motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa in the ejaculate), acrosome reaction disorders (presence of pre-term spontaneous and lack of induced reactions) and an increase in the proportion of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation. These disorders correlate with the level of sperm oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ASA-positive varicocoele patients is 2.8 and 3.5 times higher than in ASA-negative varicocoele patients and fertile men respectively. We did not find correlation between the grade of spermatic cord vein dilatation and ROS production.
Материалы и методы. Данное исследование являлось открытым многоцентровым наблюдательным неинтервенционным у мужчин с дефицитом тестостерона, применявших ежедневно 1 % гель тестостерона (Андрогель ® ) в дозе 50 или 100 мг (с возможностью титрации) в условиях рутинной клинической практики. Первичной конечной точкой являлось качество жизни, связанное с состоянием здоровья, оцениваемое при заполнении опросника симптомов старения мужчин (Aging Males' Symptoms, AMS). Вторичными конечными точками были изменения общего балла шкалы Международного индекса эректильной функции (МИЭФ) и его доменов, изменения показателей индекса массы тела (ИМТ) и окружности талии, корреляция изменений в показателях качества жизни, определяемая с помощью опросника AMS, с лабораторными показателями уровней тестостерона и данными по шкале МИЭФ, демографические характеристики, а также исходные характеристики пациентов, анамнез диагностических и терапевтических процедур, причины прекращения лечения и любые нежелательные явления, возникшие в ходе лечения препаратом Андрогель ® .
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