The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of binary glasses SiO 2 -TiO 2 decreases as the TiO 2 concentration grows. At concentration of TiO 2 in the range of 4–6 mol% (in dependence of the applied synthesis method) TEC becomes negative; at concentration of 8–11 mol% devitrification occurs. A combination of photoluminescence (PL) and IR reflection techniques were applied for studying the evolution of point and structural defects in the range of TiO 2 concentration from zero to phase separation. The precision measurements of density showed its drop at TiO 2 content of 7.9 mol% thus evidencing the conversion of glass into a polycrystalline substance consisting of SiO 2 and TiO 2 crystallites. In the TiO 2 concentration range of compatibility of oxides, an ensemble of point defects comprises ≡Si–O – and ≡Ti–O – centers as well as ≡Si–Si≡ and ≡Ti–Ti≡ neutral oxygen-vacancies. At the dopant concentration specific for phase separation (7.9 mol%), the PL-active groups of Si–Ti go away, while the IR-detectable Si–O–Ti bridges remain stable.
Рассмотрены временные характеристики развития локального разрушения при кратковременной точечной нагрузке керамик SiC, широко применяемых в качестве защитных материалов против ударного воздействия на технику и человека. Методами акустической эмиссии и электромагнитной эмиссии изучена статистика соответственно зарождения и релаксации микротрещин. Показано, что длительность интервалов между появлением трещин следует степенному закону, характерному для кооперативных явлений. Временное распределение импульсов электромагнитного излучения от электрических зарядов, возникающих на берегах микротрещин и аннигилирующих при релаксации таковых после прохода ударной волны, напротив, было линейным. Временная структура релаксации трещин позволила выделить две группы повреждений различного масштаба: мельчайшие дефекты в сплошном материале и более крупные микротрещины, соединяющие соседние поры. Ключевые слова: SiC, пористая керамика, ударное разрушение, акустическая эмиссия, электромагнитная эмиссия.
The silica glass with a high content of OH groups was synthesized by the high-temperature hydrolysis of SiCl4 in a flame of oxyhydrogen torch and subjected to fine annealing. A combination of the photoluminescence and IR reflection spectroscopy was applied to assess the evolution of the ensemble of structural defects in the bulk and surface layer over the course of annealing carried out at 480 ˚C. The marked decrease of the defect concentration was observed in the bulk at all time expositions in the range 2 to 72 hours. However, in a thin surface layer, the decrease of the concentration of silanol groups Si-OH formed in the process of synthesis was detected. Decay of these groups results in the silicate network consolidation that led to the forming of the superficial layer characterized by an elevated microhardness.
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