Aim:to summarize the literature data on the treatment of rectal fistula using fibrin glue.Key findings:The prevalence of rectal fistula is about 9 cases per 100,000 population. Patients with rectal fistulas are frequently represented by the able-bodied middle-aged population group. The disease is extremely rarely observed in children and elderly people. Thus, this problem has a socially significant character. Fistula elimination is possible only by surgery, which is accompanied by the risk of fistula recurrence and the development of postoperative incontinence. In this regard, low-invasive techniques for the treatment of rectal fistulas, such as the use of fibrin glue, are being actively investigated.Conclusion:The use of fibrin glue as a sphincter-preserving technique eliminates the development of postoperative anal failure, while new technologies and materials aim to reduce the risk of the disease recurrence.

The literature review compares laser and traditional surgery for hemorrhoids. The efficiency and possibility of minimally invasive treatment using laser of different wavelengths were analyzed. The review described the innovative technologies of laser treatment of hemorrhoids which make this method promising.

Aim: to improve the results of treatment of patients with hemorrhoidal disease of the 2nd and 3rd stages by using a diode laser with a wavelength of 1940 nm.Materials and methods. The study included 28 patients with hemorrhoids of the second or third stage. A new treatment method based on the use of a diode laser with a wavelength of 1940 nm was applied to all patients. This technique (laser hemorrhoidoplasty) provides for the thermal effect of laser radiation on the cavernous tissue of the internal hemorrhoid node and the terminal branches of the upper rectal artery. The intensity of postoperative pain syndrome was assessed and the clinical symptoms of hemorrhoidal disease manifestations were studied before and after surgery. To study the effectiveness of the proposed method and to assess the depth of thermal exposure to laser radiation, transrectal ultrasound with Dopplerography and pathomorphological examination were performed. The functional state of the rectal locking apparatus before surgery and in the postoperative period was assessed using sphincterometry. The quality of life of patients who underwent laser hemorrhoidoplasty was studied according to the SF 36 questionnaire.Results. Surgical intervention was performed under both local and spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative complications in the form of hemorrhoidal node bleeding were noted in 3 patients. In the early postoperative period, inflammatory edema of external hemorrhoids was diagnosed in 4 patients. The intensity of the pain syndrome was assessed on the VAS scale and by day 7 in 93 % of patients it did not exceed 1 point. All 28 patients were followed up within 1 to 6 months after the operation. All had no complaints characteristic of hemorrhoidal disease, no relapse of the disease was detected in any observation. Transrectal ultrasound with Dopplerography was performed, which made it possible to diagnose a 2–3-fold decrease in blood flow along the terminal branches of the upper rectal artery, and internal hemorrhoids determined earlier, before surgery, were not visualized already 1 month after surgery. According to sphincterometry, no violations of anal retention function were detected in all 28 patients.Conclusion. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids of the 2nd and 3rd stages with the use of a diode laser with a wavelength of 1940 nm. with proper technical performance and the choice of optimal energy, it allows to achieve a good clinical effect. The proposed method of intervention ensures the absence of a pronounced pain syndrome, which does not lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life already in the early postoperative period and allows to shorten the period of labor rehabilitation. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty is a highly effective method of treating hemorrhoids at stages 2 and 3 of the disease and opens up the possibility of treatment on an outpatient basis.

Aim of review. To present literature data of the treatment of incomplete rectal fistulas with application of biological substances. Summary. Treatment of rectal fistulas remains burning issue in coloproctology due to unsatisfactory results of surgery resulting in high relapse rate, usually regardless of applied surgical method and high risk of severe complications as anal sphincter incompetence. This is why development of sparing methods of rectal fistula treatment that will allow to decrease intraoperative trauma of the anal sphincter at minimal risk of disease recurrence and, therefore, to prevent development of sphincter incompetence is important. Application of biological materials in rectal fistulas treatment result in reduction of the wound size, accelerates reparative processes and decreases degree of traumatization. Minimization of surgical impact on the anal sphincter allows repetitive application of biological materials up to the achievement of positive effect. Conclusion. Application of biological materials at sphincter-preserving technique provides decreased risk of development of postoperative anal sphincter incompetence.