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S9.4 Skin mycoses and microbiome, September 23, 2022, 4:45 PM - 6:15 PM Objectives Dermatophytosis in livestock receives attention because of its contagiousness, high treatment costs, and lack of control programs. Compared with cattle, mycological aspects of dermatophytosis in sheep and goats have been studied less frequently. Dermatophytosis in these animals (small ruminants) may lead to serious economic losses due to the negative impact on the growth of involved animals, as well as their milk and meat production. Recent studies showed that the old Trichophyton verrucosum var. verrucosum (which is known to have some African and Asiatic sheep as its reservoirs) is currently synonymous with T. mentagrophytes Type V, the most common genotype of T. mentagrophytes isolated from Iranian patients. But the animal reservoirs of this genotype are not well known in Iran and in this investigation, we aimed to determine them. Methods A total of 678 skin and hair samples from animals including sheep (n = 190), cows (n = 79), goats (n = 9), camels (n = 20), stray and domestic cats (n = 195), stray and pet dogs (n = 146), horses (n = 27), foxes (n = 2), hedgehogs (n = 2), and poultries (n = 8) were subjected to direct microscopy and culture on Mycobiotic agar. Most animals had skin lesions, though some stray cats and dogs were asymptomatic. Molecular identification of dermatophyte cultures was done by ITS-rDNA RFLP. To confirm the RFLP identification, 59 representative isolates from all studied animal species were subjected to ITS-rDNA sequencing. The likelihood for isolation of a specific species or genotype with regard to the type of infected animal was determined using the chi-square test. Results We obtained 334 dermatophyte cultures. ITS-RFLP and ITS region sequencing revealed the species T. verrucosum (n = 62; all from cows), T. mentagrophytes Type V (sheep = 95; goat = 6; cat = 1; horse = 2), T. mentagrophytes Type II* (cat = 2), T. mentagrophytes Type VII (dog = 2), Microsporum canis (cats, n = 94; dogs, n = 55; cow, n = 1; horse, n = 1), T. quinckeanum (fox, n = 1), Nannizzia gypsea (cats, n = 5; dogs, n = 4; cow, n = 1; horse, n = 1), and N. fulva (cow, n = 1). No dermatophytes were isolated from camels, hedgehogs, and poultries. There was a statistically significant difference in the isolation rate of T. mentagrophytes Type V between sampled animals meaning that with a high probability it is isolated from sheep and goats. Conclusion Purposive sampling from suspected animals confirmed that sheep are the main animal reservoir of T. mentagrophytes Type V, at least in Iran. Further international sequence-based investigations can test our conclusion.

Aim: to assess the relationship of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines with the levels of natriuretic peptides in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods. A total of 155 patients (14 men and 61 women) with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, aged 34 to 84 years, were examined. All patients underwent standard clinical and laboratory examination, with an assessment of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), chemokines (monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES), growth factors (fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), natriuretic peptides (B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N‐terminal fragment of B‐type natriuretic peptide (proBNP). Renal function was assessed based on the levels of serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which was calculated according to the CKD-EPI formula, and albuminuria, which was assessed as albumin/creatinine ratio (A/C). An echocardiographic examination was conducted according to the standard protocol with the calculation of dimensional, volume and speed characteristics. Statistical data analysis was performed using smSTATA 14.2 for Mac (2018). Results. 57% DM patients had BNP and proBNP levels exceeding the diagnostic values of BNP >35 pg/ml and/or proBNP >125 pg/ml. The levels of BNP and proBNP positively correlated with the levels of homocysteine, uric acid, IL-6, С-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), A/С, creatinine, cystatin C, TNF-alpha, chemokines (MIG, RANTES), growth factors (FGF-23, VEGF-A) (p <0.05). According to multiple regression analysis, predictors for increased proBNP were IL-6, A/K, creatinine (ß=0.70, p<0.001, ß=3.51, p=0.01, ß=0.97, p=0.01, respectively). ROC analysis determined the highest diagnostic significance of creatinine for the prediction of increased proBNP. The significance of IL-6 proved higher than A/С (AUC-0.777). Thus, when the level of IL-6 (AUC-0.789) was 3.1 mg/ml, the sensitivity and specificity for increased proBNP concentration were 71.9% and 71.2%, respectively. Conclusion. IL-6 might be an independent predictor of increased levels of natriuretic peptide in patients with diabetes. Further study of the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of cardiovascular diseases will make it possible to finally decode the mechanisms of their pathogenesis, which will further allow us to understand their complex effect on the body and obtain information for the development of new effective and safe specific medicines.

The present review summarizes the results of global studies and assesses contribution of hyperglycemia towards formation of neurologic complications in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia is believed to play a leading role in the formation of neurological complications in diabetes mellitus. However, the achievement of normalization of glycemia level does not ensure the cessation of their development and progression, which indicates a lack of knowledge about the pathogenetic relationships in diabetic neuropathy. Limited understanding of these issues entails the absence of treatment options that effectively affect the course of this complication. Based on the analysis of experimental and clinical studies of recent years, data on the molecular-biological relationships of hyperglycemia with the formation of neurological complications in diabetes mellitus are summarized. The influence of the oxidative and nitrosative stress, advanced glycation end products, the activation of the polyol and hexosamine pathways on the state of the nerve fiber is analyzed. The data on molecular mechanisms of development of diabetic neuropathy are contradictory. On the basis of recent experimental and clinical data we review possibilities for pathogenetic therapy. The problem of oppositely directed effects of treatment is discussed. Clinical rationale is given for declared direction of further studies.

Ацетилсалициловая кислота (аспирин) является самым распространённым препаратом, используемым для вторичной профилактики атеротромботических событий при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях. Соответственно, проблему эффективности терапии аспирином следует считать одной из центральных в кардиологии. Остаётся актуальным вопрос персонализации антиагрегантной терапии, поскольку убедительные данные в пользу применения аспирина с целью первичной профилактики в общей популяции отсутствуют. В настоящем обзоре проанализированы данные последних лет о проблеме резистентности к аспирину. Обсуждаются потенциальные механизмы невосприимчивости к аспирину, возможное влияние генетических факторов на клиническую эффективность антиагрегантной терапии, вопросы стандартизации методов и критериев диагностики резистентности к аспирину, а также возможности её преодоления. Проанализированы данные о клиническом и прогностическом значении 11-дегидротромбоксана В2 как одного из наиболее перспективных маркеров тромбоксан-зависимой активации тромбоцитов.