No abstract

CTA are locate in a group of tumor-associated proteins. In normal conditions their expression is limited to embryonic tissues and reproductive tissues of adults. In other tissues CTA are not exist. Interestingly, that the aberrant CTA overexpression is Observed during malignant transformation. In this work we investigated the mRNA of 20 CTA genes overexpression in biopsy and peripheral blood of 49 patients. Among them a MAGE-A1, MAGE-A2 MAGE-A3 MAGE-A4, MAGE-A5, MAGE-A6 mRNAs were detected in same time by using originally primers, that specifically recognize MAGEA-conservative sequences. Similar system of primers was constructed for GAGE1-8 verification. Furthermore, the expression of SSX1, SSX2, SSX4, XAGE1, NY-ESO1 and MAGEC1 was identified. It is found that the detection of mRNA CTA-coding genes can be used as a monitoring test. The presence of mRNA MAGE-C1 and XAGE1 genes in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer could be a potential marker of a more favorable course of the disease. In other hand, the existence of mRNA MAGE-A1-6, GAGE 1-8 and SSX1,2,4 genes may indicate a poor prognosis.

The analysis of CTG and CTA expression in malignant tumors described in this review has been showed that different types of tumors are significantly different from each other according to the frequency of CTA mRNA expression. Melanoma, ovarian cancer and lung cancer have a very high frequency of CTA expression. Lymphoma, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer have a low frequency of CTA expression. Breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer demonstrate an intermediate level of CTA expression. High degree malignant tumors in late clinical stage with metastases showed a greater incidence of CTA -gene expression. CTA-genes are expressed together in tumor. If the tumor is positive for one CTA-gene then the expression of several genes is possible. Immunogenic CTA-s are a well object for anti-tumor vaccines creating.

The basic problem in cancer treatment remains the identification of cells responsible for maintaining the whole population of cells in a tumor. For decades it has been considered that all transformed cells within a tumor have carcinogenic potential with unlimited proliferation capacity and metastases formation. At present, the concept of cancer stem cell was introduced indicating that tumor evolves from a small population of long-live and slow proliferating cells. These cells have the capacity to initiate the tumor formation in immunodeficient animals. Among their properties, resistance to standard oncology treatments leads to treatment failure and cancer recurrence. The management and eradication of different types cancer is completely depended on removal of this cell population. Current review presents basic information about cancer stem cell, particularly, the initiation of tumor, the peculiar properties of cancer stem cell, the role of cancer stem cell in metastasis formation and discusses therapeutic strategies targeted cancer stem cell.

MAb against the antigen CD117 - stem marker of human tumor cells. Strain 406 PPI prepared by cell fusion of mouse myeloma NS-1 cells with spleen mice BALB/ C, pre-immunized three times at an interval of two weeks, the cells of the cell line of human melanoma melKor. Merging conducted using a solution of PEG/DMSO. For screening received mAb 406 used human melanoma cell lines which differed in the expression of CD117 antigen FSBSI "N.N. Blokhin RCRC" collection. N.N Blokhin. Antigen expression was studied in immunofluorescence and evaluated on a flow cytometer BD FACS CantoTMII. ICA IC0-406 was compared with commercial ICA against antigen CD 117 (Germany). The results indicated the identity of the frequency of antigen-positive cases and the percentage of antigen cells. ICA IC0-406 block binding to cells melKor ICA anti-CD117. Linking ICA IC0-406 antigen-positive cells causes modulation of antigen CD 117.