Академик М. С. Вовси и «дело врачей» К концу 30-х годов ХХ века в СССР несомненными лидерами столичных терапевтов были М. П. Кончаловский, Е. Е. Фромгольд и Р. А. Лурия 1-об этом свидетельствуют их публикации, официальные должности, материалы всесоюзных съездов терапевтов и Московского научного общества терапевтов, воспоминания современников. Вместе с Г. Ф. Лангом (Ленинград) и Н. Д. Стражеско (Киев) они возглавляли советскую клинику внутренних болезней. Из более молодого поколения клиницистов стремительно выдвигались трое-А. Л. Мясников в Ленинграде, а в Москве-Э. М. Гельштейн, партийный выдвиженец, блестящий врач и ученый, возглавивший кафедру факультетской терапии 2-го ММИ и сменивший Е. Е. Фромгольда (после 1937 г.) в качестве товарища председателя Московского терапевтического общества, и М. С. Вовси. Мирон Семёнович Вовси родился 1 (12) мая 1897 г. в поселке Краславка (Креславль) Двинского уезда (Витебская губерния, ныне-Латвия), 2, 3 в семье торговца лесом. 4 Окончив Рижское реальное училище, он в 1914 г. поступил в Юрьевский университет (г. тарту, Эстония). По воспоминаниям дочери, Любови Мироновны

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The reform of dental education began in the RSFSR in 1918, when the People's Commissariat adopted a regulation according to which dental schools (secondary educational institutions that trained dentists in pre-revolutionary Russia) were to be closed, and odontological units and departments for pathology and therapy of dental diseases, prosthetic technology, surgery of the jaws and oral cavity were opened at the medical faculties of universities. The establishment of odontological departments did not allow a significant increase in the ranks of odontologists, since students had to spend as much time on studying dentistry as future doctors, and received only the right to practice dentistry and an incomplete medical education. The proposal to revive dental schools to meet the needs of the population in dental care by specialized professionals met with fierce resistance from the head of the dental subsection of the RSFSR People's Commissariat of Health P.G.Dauge, who considered secondary education unacceptable. The article describes the discussion that unfolded on this issue, as a result of which odontological departments were created at the medical faculties of universities, the number of dentists decreased, and the preventive direction proposed by P.G.Dauge, as a method of reducing the country's need for dental specialists, became one of the main ones in Soviet dentistry.

The name of Ilya Matveyevich Kovarsky, the founder and permanent head of the First Moscow Dental School, the founder of the Moscow Odontologic Society, the editor and publisher of one of the first national dental journals “The Odontologic Review”, the founder and permanent member of the Board of the Russian Dental Union, hundred years ago was known to every dentist in Russia. The article for the first time presents, on the basis of materials from State and family archives, scientific biography of one of the pioneers of Russian dentistry I. M. Kovarsky.

The article highlights the history of the faculty therapy clinic of the Emperor Moscow University, i.e. of pre-Soviet MGU. The clinic’s activities are traced at their different stages when they were guided by profs. A.I. Over, G.A. Zakhar’in, P.M. Popov, V.D. Shervinsky, L.E. Golubinin, and N.F. Golubov. Analysis of numerous literature and archival data (including state archives and Shervinsky’s personal archive) provided a deeper insight into the post-Zakhar’in activities, allowed to correct erroneous information contained in some literature publications, and collect additional data for biographies of the leading professors of the clinic with special reference to the contribution made by the Shervinsky-Golubinin scientific and clinical school.Three pinnacles in the course of development of the clinic were distinguished dated to the mid-XIX century (under prof. A.I. Overt), the 1860s-1870s (under the then young reformer G.A.Zakhar’in), and the first decade of the XX century (under profs. V.D. Shervinsky and L.E. Golubinin who created a scientific therapeutic school that greatly promoted the further development of internal medicine in this country).