СТРАНИЦЫ ИСТОРИИ М.С. Доброхотов был одним из наиболее известных воспитанников московской неврологической школы [1] (рис. 1), с именем которого связаны организация медицинского образования и психоневрологической помощи в нашей стране. М.С. Доброхотов родился 25 мая (6 июня) 1878 г. в Кронштадте в семье приват-доцента Московского университета и преподавательницы английского языка [2]. Среднее образование он получил в одном из самых престижных учебных заведений Москвы-Третьей гимназии, после окончания которой поступил в Московский императорский университет, где в 1903 г. ему было присвоено звание лекаря. Здесь его наставником стал один из создателей российской научной школы невропатологов В.К. Рот [3]. 7 февраля 1905 г. М.С. Доброхотов был зачислен на должность сверхштатного ординатора при клинике нервных болезней [4], а 4 февраля 1906 г. переведен на место штатного ординатора той же клиники Московского университета [5]. Впоследствии он вспоминал: «По требованию профессора В.К. Рота был полгода экстерном терапевтической клиники проф. В.Д. Шервинского, а с января 1904 г. зачислен экстерном клиники нервных болезней проф. В.К. Рота. С 1905 по 1908 г. был ординатором указанной клиники, сначала сверхштатным, а потом штатным» [6]. По рекомендации В.К. Рота в «Журнале невропатологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова» были опубликованы пер

The objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the 5P-model for the prevention of acute cerebral ischemia in Dagestan women.Materials and methods. The prospective study included 35 women permanently residing in Dagestan. The mean age was 66.46 ± 10.9 years. Each participant of the study was individually interviewed and examined clinically, neurologically, an additional examination included: complete blood test, biochemical blood test, coagulation test, molecular genetic study for 11 candidate gene mutations significant for the occurrence of ischemic stroke, electrocardiography, neuroimaging.Results. By analyzing the results of the study, individual background conditions that predispose to the occurrence of ischemic stroke were established. The results of the examination were explained to each participant, there were given the recommendations on lifestyle modification, a diet was prescribed and the necessary therapy was selected. In the process of dynamic observation for 4 years the observed group had no episodes of acute cerebrovascular accident.Conclusions. The study confirms the effectiveness of the use of the 5P-model for the prevention of acute cerebral ischemia in women Dagestan and declare a positive experience of its application.

The article is devoted to the study of postoperative cognitive dysfunction — a syndrome that is often found in the postoperative period and does not depend on the volume of surgeon. Based on the analysis of the results of modern studies, the authors cite the most likely etiological causes of the syndrome, grouped according to different categories of risk factors. The pathogenetic algorithm for cognitive dysfunction includes the appearance of systemic inflammation, improving blood-brain barrier permeability with the endothelial dysfunction, the migration of inflammatory agents into the central nervous system, and the formation of oxidative stress. The clinical manifestations of cognitive deficit in the outcome of surgeon performed under general anesthesia, the authors illustrate with their own observations of patients with a neurosurgical profile with spinal pathology operated on with the use of propofol anesthesia, comparing the results of neuropsychological testing with an assessment of the level of anxiety. In conclusion, the authors outline a strategy for the prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and recommend conducting neuropsychological rehabilitation as an important component of postoperative recovery for all patients with a diagnosed cognitive deficit that occurred after surgery.

Контакты: Ксения Борисовна Манышева manyshevakb@gmail.comСтатья посвящена неисследованному периоду жизни известного отечественного невролога и психиатра 1-й половины XX века Михаила Сергеевича Доброхотова (1878XX века Михаила Сергеевича Доброхотова ( -1952 Russian scientists A.I. Yushchenko, S.N. Davidenkov, K.S. Agadzhanyants, V.V. Brailovsky, N.M. Itsenko,

The work is devoted to the history of the establishment of the Department of Psychiatry of the Dagestan Medical Institute. In the article, based on the first time archival materials introduced into the scientific circulation from the funds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan and the archive of the Dagestan State Medical University, the organization of the psychiatric department and the clinic is highlighted. The contribution of the first employees was noted, the difficulties encountered in the first years of the department’s existence were highlighted. Also reviewed is the scientific work of the Department of Psychiatry of the Dagestan Medical University in the late 1930s.