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Processing of Al–19·4Si alloy by high intensive electron beam has been carried out, and multiple increase in fatigue life of the material has been revealed. Investigations of structure and surface modified layer destruction of Al–19·4Si alloy subjected to high cycle fatigue tests to fracture have been carried out by methods of scanning electron microscopy. The factors responsible for the increase in fatigue life of Al–19·4Si alloy have been revealed and analysed.

Differential hardening of rails by compressed air at different regimes is accompanied by formation of morphologically different structure, being formed according to the diffusion mechanism of γ ↔ α transformation and consisting of grains of lamellar pearlite, free ferrite and grains of ferrite-carbide mixture.By methods of transmission electron microscopy the layer by layer analysis of differentially hardened rails has been carried out, the quantitative parameters of the structure, phase composition and dislocation substructure have been established and their comparison has been made for different regimes of hardening. It has been found that the structure-phase states being formed have gradient character, defined by the hardening regime, direction of study from the tread contact surface and by depth of location of layer under study.

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