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Статья посвящена вопросам хирургического лечения рака тела матки. Непрекращающиеся в течение нескольких десятилетий дискуссии относительно объема хирургических вмешательств при раке тела матки ранних стадий теперь распространились и на хирургическое лечение диссеминированных форм заболевания. В статье обсуждаются показания к лимфаденэктомии и ее объем, перспективы циторедуктивных операций при диссеминированном раке тела матки и ряд других вопросов.

The choice of treatment strategy in patients with stage IIIC‑IV ovarian cancer (OC) remains the subject of numerous discussions. The reason for this is the unsatisfactory results of randomized trials and the low frequency of primary complete debulking surgery in these studies. We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the survival outcomes in patients with OC stage IIIC–IV (n=314) who underwent treatment between 1995 and 2017. The median progression free survival for primary surgery was 15.6 months, after interval debulking – 11.5 months (p=0.002, HR 0.61: 95 % CI 0.39–0.81). The primary cytoreduction significantly increased the median of overall survival by 19.6 months: from 38.0 months after interval debulking up to 57.6 months after primary cytoreduction (p=0.04, HR 0.64: 95 % CI 0.41–0.99). An increase in the number of optimal interval debulking does not lead to an improvement in the long-term results of treatment in the group of patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our analysis over the past 20 years has shown that improvement in treatment outcomes is only observed in the primary cytoreduction group due to an increase in the number of complete optimal cytoreductive surgery.

Purpose of the literature review: to analyze recent studies of surgical treatment of stage I-II ovarian cancer. Key issues. Individual steps of surgery and their significance, impact of the extent of surgery on the survival and adjuvant treatment, fertility-sparing surgery in young patients and safety of laparoscopic surgery are discussed. Conclusion. Optimal staging of early ovarian cancer was found to be significantly associated with overall and recurrence-free survival.