In neurobiological studies, crucial is the selection of most appropriate and informative experimental methods, one of which is immunohistochemistry. This review briefly summarizes the experience of adaptation of immunohistochemical methods to nervous system studies accumulated over years the Laboratory of Functional Morphology of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System (Institute of Experimental Medicine). The aim of this work was to determine the most effective and reliable immunomarkers for neurobiological studies. The article contains theoretical basis and practical recommendations for use of key cytospecific and functional markers used in studies of structural and functional organization of brain and spinal cord of mammalian animals and human. In particular, the results of immunohistochemical reactions to neural markers (NeuN, neurofilament proteins, alpha-tubulin, alpha-synuclein), neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, choline acetyltransferase, NO synthase) and glial markers (GFAP, glutamine synthetase, Iba-1, vimentin) are demonstrated. The presented methodology is useful for experimental neurobiology and clinical morphological diagnostics.

Subject of Research. The paper presents the study of the oral mucosa reaction of experimental animals to fractional laser treatment by diode laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm. Methods. A single fractional laser treatment of oral mucosa was carried out in the experiment on Wistar laboratory rats at different exposure regimes: combinations of laser power from the range Р = 5-15 W, pulsewidth t p = 100-120 ms and the filling factor. The animals were taken out of the experiment immediately after exposure, on the 5th, 7th and 28th day after the treatment. For histological evaluation mucosal preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as aniline blue according to Masson. Thickness of mucosa layers and concentration of collagen fibers were defined as a result of computer processing of images of histological samples. Main Results. It was established that the mucous condition depends significantly on the laser treatment regime and the time elapsed since the fractional treatment. When exposed to pulsed laser radiation with P = 5 W, t p = 100 ms or P = 7 W, t p = 120 ms, at the filling factor F = 200±50 microdamages/cm 2 the mucous regeneration has been completed on the 28th day after treatment, and for the other studied regimes it continues. After regeneration the thickness of the epithelial layer of the oral mucosa is less, and the thickness of the submucosal layer with lamina propria of mucosa and concentration of collagen fibers in the mucosa correspond to control. Practical Relevance. The obtained results are promising for further research on the reconstruction of thinning oral mucosa.