Objectives the terminological analysis of the identification of perineal body and associated muscles according to native and foreign literature. Material and methods.The literature on human anatomy, topographical anatomy, operative surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, proctology as well as urology was reviewed. We analyzed articles from several peer-reviewed scientific medical journals on the topic of the perineum and pelvic organs diseases. Results.The review of the literature indicates that most of native authors use the term "centrum tendineum perinei" despite last two international anatomical terminology revisions in 2003 and 2019. At the same time, the foreign authors use the term "perineal body" which is in line with contemporary anatomical terminology. It was also found that the authors disagree on the terminology and morphology not only of the "centrum tendineum perinei" but also of the muscles that form it.

Центр промежности, являясь одной из важнейших структур тазового дна, до сих пор мало изучен. Встречающиеся в литературе различные мнения только подтверждают это. Чаще всего это касается мышечно-фасциальных структур, образующих/вплетающихся в промежностный центр, а также его микроскопического строения. Но на данный момент нет единой методики изучения топографоанатомических взаимоотношений центра промежности с другими анатомическими образованиями промежности, одновременно позволяющей производить забор участков промежностного центра для гистологического исследования. Целью работы была разработка способа для удобного и безопасного выделения центра промежности, который позволит в полной мере оценить топографическое взаимоотношение промежностного центра с мышечно-фасциальными структурами промежности. При этом способ должен не требовать много времени для его реализации, быть удобным, безопасным, а также по окончании исследования давать возможность герметично ушивать объект исследования. Помимо этого, необходима апробация на нефиксированном трупном материале разного пола и соматотипа. Именно всем вышеуказанным требованиям соответствует способ, разработанный в рамках данного исследования. Апробация проводилась на 10 трупах людей пожилого и старческого возраста. После апробации методика была запатентована и стала применяться в Самарском областном бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы. Ключевые слова: центр промежности, сухожильный центр промежности, промежность, тазовое дно.

In modern specialized literature, there is practically no information about the shape, size and topography of one of the most important formations of the perineum - of the perineal body. Knowledge of the anatomical aspects of the structure and location of the perineal center would allow in the future to reduce the postoperative complications associated with unintentional damage. The question of the morphology of the perineal body and associated muscles in clinical practice in obstetric traumatism remains relevant. The aim of the study was to study the morphometric parameters and features of the topography of the human perineal body. The objects of the study were 50 autopsy cases of people aged 60-87 years, 25 of each sex, who died from causes not related to the pathology of the pelvic organs. In each case, the perineal body, location of its center and associated muscles were identified. Methods of classical anatomical preparation, description and statistical analysis were used in the work. As a result of the work, five forms of the perineal body were identified: cruciform, «hourglass», triangular, round, polygonal. There were also cases where it was not possible to determine the shape of the intersection of the fibers. For men, the most common triangular shape, for women - the shape of an «hourglass». In most cases in which the shape of the intersection of the fibers was determined, there were clearly identifiable tendon fibers, that is, the tendinal center of the perineal body was present. The average area of ​​the tendinal center of the perineal body in women was 0.99±0.47 cm², and in men 0.94±0.32 cm². The ratio of cases of displacement of the tendinal center towards the right or left ischial tuberosities is almost equal to 10 cases towards the right ischial tuberosity and 11 cases towards the left. When evaluating the pubo-coccygeal asymmetry, in most cases with a triangular shape, there is a sharp displacement towards the apex of the coccyx. Also, the authors found that the average area of ​​the tendinal center of the perineal body is larger in women than in men. Thus, the human perineal body has a variety of forms, according to the authors, associated not only with the embryological features of the development of the muscles of the perineum, but also with the lifestyle, a history of diseases and surgical interventions in the area of ​​the tendinal center of the perineal body.

Aim - to analyze and summarize the literature data of levator ani muscle, using the terminological approach. Materials and methods. We used literature in anatomy, biology with levator ani muscle description included Medline/Pubmed resources guide. Results. We found 18 terms determined levator ani muscle components in literature. The terms were used to describe diseases, perineal muscles, fascia and pelvic ligaments associated with urinary and fecal incontinence, traumatic injuries during labor in women, operative access to pelvic organs in men with surgical interventions for radical prostatectomy and rectum extirpation. We illustrated schematically levator ani muscle in men and women, supplementing the study by dissecting the perineal region in 3 men and 2 women. The terms defining the components of levator ani muscle in women are following: m. puboperinealis, m. pubovaginalis, m. puboanalis - united in m. pubovisceralis; m. pubococcygeus, m. iliococcygeus. In men, levatorani muscle is represented by the following components: m. puboprostaticus (m. levator prostatae), m. puboperinealis, m. puboanalis, m. puborectalis, m. pubococcygeus, m. iliococcygeus.