<p><strong>Aim.</strong> It was to evaluate the effectiveness of dermal equivalent application when treating ulcers in patients with neuropathic and neuroischemic forms of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS), as well as to compare it with conventional treatment. <br /><strong>Methods.</strong> The study included 60 patients with DFS neuropathic and neuroischemic forms who were treated at Purulent Surgery Departments of War Veterans Hospital and City Hospital No. 14 (Saint Petersburg, Russia) in 2013–2016 years. The patients were divided in two subgroups comparable in age and sex: subgroup A included patients with DFS neuropatic form, subgroup B – those with DFS neuroischemic form. Thus, the study group of patients was formed, who, in addition to conventional treatment of diabetic ulcers, received dermal equivalent application. To assess the effectiveness of dermal equivalent use, two control groups: 10 patients with a neuropathic form and 10 patients with a neuroischemic form of DFS were formed and routinely managed. <br /><strong>Results.</strong> 33 patients (82.5%) (18 patients from subgroup A and 15 patients from subgroup B) out of 40 patients of the study group demonstrated a significantly higher rate of epithelization (p&lt;0.05) as compared to the corresponding subgroup in the control group. <br /><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The efficacy of dermal equivalent is higher when treating a neuropathic form of DFS. The speed of epithelization after the use of dermal equivalent in patients with a neuropathic form of DFS is higher in comparison with a neuroischemic form of DFS.</p><p>Received 5 August 2016. Accepted 23 September 2016.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study has not been sponsored or awarded a grant.<br /><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflict interests.</p>