Aim. To improving the results of treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice on the basis of analysis of the causes of complications after endoscopic cholangiopancreatography and papillosphincterotomy. Methods. Conducted was an analysis of medical records of 703 patients with obstructive jaundice for the period 2006-2010. Results. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed in 542 patients. In 22 (4.06%) patients the study could not be performed due to anatomical features in the terminal portion of the common bile duct and in the descending section of the duodenum. If cases when it was necessary, cholangiopancreatography was accompanied by papillosphincterotomy. In total this procedure was conducted in 488 patients, including repeated procedures (2 to 4 times) - in 186 patients, and with concomitant lithoextraction - in 265 patients. The overall incidence of complications after endoscopic interventions for obstructive jaundice was 8.5% (46 cases) and the mortality rate was 1.1% (6 cases). Pancreatic necrosis developed in 7 (1.3%) cases, of which 3 (0.5%) with a lethal outcome, bleeding occured in 28 (5.7%) patients from the incision zone during papillosphincterotomy, perforation of the duodenum with a lethal outcome occurred in 1 (0.2%) case, jamming of the Dormia baskets occured in 10 (3.77%) patients, 2 (0.4%) of the cases had a lethal outcome. Adequate preparation for the procedure, adequate and effective premedication, sparing technique of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and interventions on the major duodenal papilla, adequate and rational therapy after the diagnostic procedure and the operation are believed to be effective prevention measures of acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. Prevention of bleeding is mainly attributed to patient preparation: before the intervention it is necessary to examine the coagulation and clotting of blood, haemostatic agents should be administered before the operation and in complex cases papillosphincterotomy should be conducted in several stages with an interval of 3-6 days. For prevention of duodenal perforation the usage of a catheter cannula with an atraumatic distal end, and elimination of rough manipulations are recommended. In order to prevent jamming of the Dormia basket a thorough diagnosis is required, detection of large dense concretions on the background of stenosis of the terminal common bile duct should lead to refusal of conduction of lithoextraction. Conclusion. The use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with adequate procedure performance in specialized endosurgical departments makes it possible to enhance the quality of diagnosis, reduce the incidence of complications and improve the results of treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice.

Aim. Improving the results of surgical treatment of patients with pancreatic necrosis and its complications based on developing optimal variants of surgical interventions for each case.Methods. The article presents experience of surgical treatment of 344 patients with pancreatic necrosis admitted to surgical clinic №1 of Kazan state medical university in Republican clinical hospital (Kazan) during the period from 2009 to 2015. According to the developed procedure of choosing the optimal treatment options for patients with pancreatic necrosis, depending on the stage, degree of involvement of pancreas and retroperitoneal space and the presence of complications, patients underwent a variety of options and combinations of types of surgical interventions. Under the guidance of X-ray 124 surgeries were performed, in 69 (20.1%) cases surgical interventions under ultrasound (US) guidance were completed with open surgical intervention.Results. Videolaparoscopic interventions with therapeutic and diagnostic purposes were performed in 198 patients with lethal outcomes in 3 (3.1%) cases. As a completed intervention videolaparoscopy was performed in 49 (24.7%) cases. 226 (65.7%) patients underwent open surgery. Most patients required combined surgical treatment, which included a combination of minimally invasive procedures and open surgery in 199 (57.9%) patients.Conclusion. Use of combined methods of surgical treatment in patients with infected pancreatic necrosis greatly improves treatment outcomes; a combination of minimally invasive and open surgery can significantly reduce postoperative mortality in pancreatic necrosis from 17.8% to 12.5%.

In 1860, the Department of hospital surgery was organized at Imperial Kazan university. The reform of medical education to Western standards supposed the training of students in faculty and hospital clinics. The main task of the faculty Department is to teach the classical clinical picture of the most common diseases, while the task of the hospital Department is focusing to variants of clinical manifestations of the disease and improvement of practical skills. The first head of the Department of hospital surgery at Imperial Kazan University was Professor Andrey Beketov. Professor A.N. Beketov is one of the pioneers of the use of inhalation anesthesia, which he recommended for widespread use in the clinic. Besides, Beketov is the author of priority works in the field of traumatology and orthopedics. In a short time, the hospital surgical clinic in Kazan became one of the leading clinics in the East of Russia, the Urals and Siberia.