Relevance: despite the improvement of surgical techniques, the number of postoperative complications in surgical interventions on the trachea remains high. One of the ways to improve the results of treatment is the development and study of new surgical interventions. Aim: The work is devoted to the study of the topographic and anatomical features of the structure of the rat trachea Materials and methods: The study was performed using rats of the Wistar line and was approved by a local ethical committee. Methods of descriptive anatomy and morphology were used. Results: the obtained results made it possible to reveal features of the topographic-anatomical structure of the rat trachea: the presence of hyaline cartilages in the form of a ring; grown-up cartilaginous rings forming the fusion of the X, Y, W forms; in the submucosal layer of the trachea there are multiple clusters of mucoses associated with lymphatic tissue; pronounced venous traheoidesis plexus; developed, dense adventitia of the trachea. In rats, the epithelial transition from a multilayer flat non-coronary to a single-stranded thief-synchoid occurs below the vocal cords. According to the histological structure, the rat trachea wall is close to the human trachea, has adventitia, a cartilaginous framework, a submucosal osseous and a mucous membrane. Conclusion: these features of the structure of the trachea of ​​Wistar rats allow them to be used to model pathology of the trachea and to develop surgical interventions.