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A new 1:1 cocrystal (L-Asc–Pic) of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) with picolinic acid was prepared as a powder and as single crystals. The crystal structure was solved and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) data collected at 293 (2) and 100 (2) K. The samples of the L-Asc–Pic cocrystal were characterized by elemental (HCNS) analysis and titrimetric methods, TG/DTG/DSC, and IR and Raman spectroscopy. The asymmetric unit comprises a picolinic acid zwitterion and an L-ascorbic acid molecule. The stabilization energy of intermolecular interactions involving hydrogen bonds, the vibrational spectrum and the energies of the frontier molecular orbitals were calculated using the GAUSSIAN09 and the CrystalExplorer17 programs. The charge distribution on the atoms of the L-Asc–Pic cocrystal, L-ascorbic acid itself and its 12 known cocrystals (structures from Version 5.40 of the Cambridge Structural Database) were calculated by the methods of Mulliken, Voronoi and Hirshfeld charge analyses (ADF) at the bp86/TZ2P+ level of theory. The total effective charges and conformations of the L-ascorbic acid molecules in the new and previously reported cocrystals were compared with those of the two symmetry-independent molecules in the crystals of L-ascorbic acid. A correlation between molecular conformation and its effective charge is discussed.