During the last several years, new multi- and single-layered archaeological sites, in which the most ancient Neolithic pottery in the Eastern Europe had been found, were excavated in the region of Lower Volga. Animal bones and organic materials were sampled from these sites for radiocarbon (14C) dating and diet investigations. The evidence from these studies suggests that the first domestic animals in the Lower Volga region appeared in the Cis-Caspian culture of the Early Eneolithic. Lipid analysis of food crusts from pottery allowed the cooked food to be characterized. The detailed chronology from Neolithic (6500–5400 cal BC) to Eneolithic (5300–4700 cal BC) cultures, as well as the diet of these ancient people, were reconstructed.

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Partial sympathectomy of neonatal rats was produced by treatment with guanethidine. The number of neurons of the superior cervical ganglion decreased to 15% of control values and remained constant throughout the subsequent observation period of 4 months. The volume of the remaining neuronal perikarya increased faster than that of control animals during the observation period, and the density of adrenergic innervation of the iris and the noradrenaline content of the heart were found to partially recover after the initial decrease produced by the guanethidine treatment, reaching 33% and 30% of control values, respectively, after 4 months. The noradrenaline content of the duct of the vas deferens was greatly reduced by guanethidine treatment, but almost recovered after 4 months. The frequency of sympathetic preganglionic impulses was elevated throughout the 4 months observation period, and it is suggested that this increase is responsible for the compensatory changes in cell volume, terminal density and terminal noradrenaline content of the remaining neurons.