No abstract

The article presents data of domestic and foreign authors on the relationship between occupational factors and arterial hypertension. The role of latent arterial hypertension, its frequency in the population, the lesion of the target organs and the prognosis in comparison with normotensive individuals, arterial hypertension of the "white coat" and stable arterial hypertension have been analyzed. Arterial hypertension in the workplace is a form of latent arterial hypertension. The authors review the influence of harmful production factors (physical, chemical), as well as psychosocial stress on the risk of developing arterial hypertension.The risk of developing hypertension in specified groups of workers has been analyzed separately. The place of production-related diseases in modern occupational pathology in the Russian Federation. A wider implementation of measures aimed at early diagnosis and prevention of arterial hypertension in workers is proposed.

Background: Population-based studies from the Russian Federation and neighboring countries on the occupational burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are seldom or not included in the systematic reviews. The aim of this review was to summarize published population-based studies from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in order to ascertain the occupational burden of COPD.Methods: We systematically searched www.elibrary.ru and PubMed for population-based studies on the epidemiology of COPD in nine countries using PRISMA. Quality of studies was assessed using the original tool. The odds of COPD in the included studies from vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes (VGDF) was pooled using meta-analysis (fixed effects model), whereas the population attributable fraction percent (PAF%) was pooled with meta-proportion using the random effects model in Stata 14.2.Results: Five studies, three from Russia, one from Kazakhstan, and one more from Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan (total N = 18,908) with moderate to high quality and published from 2014 to 2019 (none from Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan), were included. Spirometry-defined COPD was the outcome in four of them. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of COPD from VGDF was 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34;2.13], greater in Kazakhstan [OR 1.96 (95% CI 1.35;2.85, N = 2 studies)] compared to Russia [OR 1.52 (95% CI 1.13;2.05, N = 2 studies)]. The pooled PAF% was 6% (95% CI 2; 14%) from three studies.Conclusions: Population-based studies in the CIS get little attention with very few studies published. Although the effect was greater in Kazakhstan compared to Russia, the overall effect did not differ from studies published in the rest of the world. Research capacity to study occupational risks of COPD should be strengthened to produce more evidence of higher quality.

The article reflects the problems of preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers in harmful working conditions. The historical aspects of the formation of the domestic regulatory framework in the field of preliminary and periodic medical examinations as well as activities aimed at improving the quality of medical examinations are described.

Background. Exposure to physical and chemical work-related hazards can lead to an impairment of reproductive function, gynecological diseases and a pregnancy course worsening. Aim to determine methods of prevention and treatment of occupational disorders of the reproductive system in women and men who deals with harmful labour conditions. Outcomes and methods. To write this review a search for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 2-15 years was conducted. The review includes articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. Evaluation of a relationship and its degree between a reproductive system diseases and workplace conditions showed that women working in harmful conditions (class 3.1-3.3) had complications of pregnancy and childbirth disorders which were to a high or medium degree related to their labour conditions. Newborns’ health disorders were assessed as a category of very high degree relationships with the mother’s work. Thus the fact that maternal occupational risks induce a child’s health disorders can be considered as fundamentally proven. This study data showed that occupations of high risk of a reproductive health disorders include female workers who work in conditions of class 3 of the 2nd degree of harm. Conclusions. Obstetrician-gynecologists, occupational physicians who work as part of medical commissions for preliminary and periodic medical examinations as well as obstetrician-gynecologists who deals with women of reproductive age in women’s consultation clinic and reproductive health centers (including those planning childbearing) need to make decisions strictly according to legal and regulatory acts on health protection of employees who work under arduous and harmful labour conditions, and above all to consider on maintenance of their reproductive function.