Despite the emergence of new biotechnological methods of processing plant raw materials, modern medicine and pharmaceuticals are far from fully using phytotherapeutic drugs in treatment, due to the shortage of some types of medicinal plant raw materials. Mainly, a separate study of the constituent components is carried out, which makes it difficult to predict the pharmacological effect of the drug. Iceland moss is widespread in Russia and is a source of valuable substances. The article shows numerous studies of the beneficial properties of plant materials. The analysis of drugs and dietary supplements registered in the Russian Federation based on Iceland moss was carried out. The active substances in plant raw materials were determined, the conditions for the production of infusions and decoctions were proposed.

Morphological aspects of macrophage restructuring in rat subcutaneous connective tissue after treatment with a-tocopherol and alimentary dehydration are studied. The antioxidant did not cancel the response of macrophages to changes in water-salt homeostasis (increased number, ultrastructural changes, or metabolic activity), but modified it by decreasing the effect of dehydration stress.Redox homeostasis is normally maintained in cells and tissues of live organisms. Excessive production of lipid peroxides (LPO) under the effect of exogenous and endogenous factors leads to "oxidative stress". Dehydration caused by ecological, experimental, or pathological factors can be regarded as a stress situation leading to LPO activation [1]. High polyfunctional activity of macrophages and the presence of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-reducing systems in these cells allows no doubt of their participation in utilization of lipid peroxides in health and emergency [3,4,8,9]. Tissue protection from free-radical oxidation is determined by the status of its antiperoxide enzymatic systems and the set of antioxidants. Therefore, antioxidants can be used to modify morphofunctional activity of macrophages for increasing the resistance of an organism to dehydration.Our purpose was to study morphology and functional activity of subcutaneous connective tissue macrophages during treatment with exogenous a-tocopherol (cr by comparing the count and composition of the population, analysis of the hydrolytic and redox enzymes, morphometric assessment of their cytoplasm ultrastructure, and evaluation of the LPO status.

The study examines the effect of hepatoprotectors of plant origin, obtained using biotechnology, on the liver morphofunctional state in 465 patients with chronic diffuse diseases. The patients undergo a complex conservative therapy, including hepatoprotectors of plant origin, which helps to correct homeostasis disorders, microcirculatory disorders and blood rheology, increase blood antioxidant activity, and improve the cell membranes structure and function. It is revealed that with intrahepatic cholestasis, regardless of the nosological form, against the background of dysproteinemia, bilirubinemia, azotemia, moderate transaminasemia, we observe a 2.2–4.9 times increase in the of alkaline phosphatase level, moderate cholesterolemia, pronounced phospholipidemia and β-lipoproteinemia. The conducted complex conservative therapy significantly improves the condition of patients and normalizes hemostasis and homeostasis. The inclusion of hepatoprotectors of plant origin in complex conservative therapy is a promising direction in the development of biotechnologies in hepatology.

The study was implemented concerning the level of interleukins 2 and 6 (IL-2 and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) under hepatic cirrhosis (HC) of viral etiology classes А, В, С according Child-Pugh. The purpose was to evaluate level of serum cytokinemies and their relationship under HC of viral etiology depending on class of severity according Child-Pugh and level of portal pressure. The cytokines concentration was determined using technique of solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is established that against the background of decreasing of compensation of HC occurs increasing of serum level of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α within the limits of reference values at the exception of level of IL-6 under HC class C. In the given category of patients, level of IL-6 exceeds reference values and is within the limits of 9,94-25,21 pg ̸ml with average concentration 14,89±4,96 pg ̸ml. It is demonstrated that quantitative ratios and degrees of relationships between cytokines are determined by compensation of cirrhosis. The correlation relationships are mostly expressed in the form of feedback between TNF-α and IL-6 (r = 0,499) in case of HC class A. and in the form of direct relation between TNF-α and IL-2 (r = 0,421) in case of HC class B. It is proved that against the background of decreasing of compensation of HC increasing is occurring of serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α within the limits of reference values with the exception of level of IL-6 in case of HC class C. In the given category of patients’ level of IL-6 exceeds reference values and is within limits of 9,94-25,21 pg/ml with average concentration 14,89 4,96 pg/ml.