The difficulty of censusing marine animal populations hampers effective ocean management. Analyzing water for DNA traces shed by organisms may aid assessment. Here we tested aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) as an indicator of fish presence in the lower Hudson River estuary. A checklist of local marine fish and their relative abundance was prepared by compiling 12 traditional surveys conducted between 1988–2015. To improve eDNA identification success, 31 specimens representing 18 marine fish species were sequenced for two mitochondrial gene regions, boosting coverage of the 12S eDNA target sequence to 80% of local taxa. We collected 76 one-liter shoreline surface water samples at two contrasting estuary locations over six months beginning in January 2016. eDNA was amplified with vertebrate-specific 12S primers. Bioinformatic analysis of amplified DNA, using a reference library of GenBank and our newly generated 12S sequences, detected most (81%) locally abundant or common species and relatively few (23%) uncommon taxa, and corresponded to seasonal presence and habitat preference as determined by traditional surveys. Approximately 2% of fish reads were commonly consumed species that are rare or absent in local waters, consistent with wastewater input. Freshwater species were rarely detected despite Hudson River inflow. These results support further exploration and suggest eDNA will facilitate fine-scale geographic and temporal mapping of marine fish populations at relatively low cost.

Objective: to study the features of emotional burnout among mid-level health providers having different hardiness levels.Material and methods. The study involved 104 mid-level health providers. To identify the features of hardiness and emotional burnout among the mid-level health providers, the method of diagnosing the level of emotional burnout (by V. V. Boyko) and the Hardiness Survey by S. Maddi (modified by E.N. Osin, E.I. Rasskazova) were used.Results. A considerably larger number of people having marked signs and symptoms of emotional burnout have been revealed in the group of health providers with a low hardiness level than in the groups of health providers having medium and high hardiness levels. The features of emotional burnout among mid-level health providers with different levels of hardiness have been identified.Conclusion. A high hardiness level will promote and enhance physical and mental health of health providers and is a means of preventing emotional exhaustion during professional activity.

Objective: to analyze the integrated assessment of schoolchildren’s health from definite age groups (6-10, 11-14, 15-18). Material and methods. 952 schoolchildren from schools No. 32, No. 46 took part in the research (500 boys and 452 girls, of them, 364 aged 6-10, 385 aged 11-14, 203 schoolchildren aged 15-18). The primary medical records were analyzed (the history of child development - form #112/у, medical record of a schoolchild - form #026/у, with the account of the planned and additional medical examinations). The statistical data processing was performed with the programs SPSS-13, SPSS-16 using the comparative assessment of criteria distribution. Results. On the assumption of the performed assessment of the schoolchildren’s health we can conclude that 72 % schoolchildren had mid-harmonic physical development, 20.6 % schoolchildren observed disharmonic physical development and 2.4 % revealed high harmonious physical development. Over 2006-2010, the incidence rate of urogenital diseases 1.5 times increased. The incidence rate of musculoskeletal diseases, eye, endocrine, alimentary diseases, blood circulation and blood diseases 2 times increased. The percentage of the schoolchildren being in the first health group 2 times decreased, meanwhile, the percentage of children being in the second and third health groups 1.2 increased. 65.3 % schoolchildren were in the main health group in physical training. 24.9 % schoolchildren were in the preparatory group. The special medical group included 6.8 % schoolchildren. 2 % schoolchildren attended therapeutic physical training group. 1 % schoolchildren were released from physical training classes. Conclusion. The health of schoolchildren in modern conditions is characterized by the increased rate of urogenital, musculoskeletal diseases, eye diseases, blood circulation and blood diseases, endocrine and metabolic, alimentary diseases, also by reduction in the percentage of children being in the first health group.

The article examines the issue of the development of a research attitude to the surrounding world in younger students. The authors state that there is a contradiction between the need for developing methods of organizing research activities among primary schoolchildren and investigation of such methods. The article offers a model of forming a research attitude to the surrounding world among younger schoolchildren during extracurricular activities The model includes the following blocks: targeting; structural and content-related; operational and activity-related; efficiency evaluating. The model describes a step by step process projected by the teacher and members of the scientific community. It starts with stimulating children's interest in the research of specific social and natural objects of the city park; next comes their mastery of the researcher social roles and, finally, children become aware that a research attitude in organizing meaningful activities helps maintain the status of the city park for the cultural future of the next generations and the advance of domestic science. Addressing the issue of forming a research attitude towards the surrounding world in younger schoolchildren made it possible to work out the questions of developing education and upbringing in primary school from the perspective of cultural norms, as a part of the internal individualization of education, and with regard to the schoolchildren’s acquisition of productive reflection on research strategies.

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