Osteoporosis is a major comorbidity of cardio-respiratory diseases, but the mechanistic links between pulmonary arterial hypertension and bone remain elusive. The purpose of the stud was to evaluate serum adipokines and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in the patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) NYHA class III-IV and to determine its associations with bone mineral density (BMD). Pulmonary and hemodynamic parameters, BMD Z-scores at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN), serum leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and endothelin-1 (ET-1), were evaluated in 32 patients with IPAH NYHA class III-IV and 30 healthy volunteers. Leptin, adiponectin and ET-1 were higher in the patients with IPAH than in healthy subjects. Visfatin level showed a tendency to increase compared to that of healthy subjects (p = 0.076). The univariate analysis revealed a positive correlation between BMD Z-scores at both sites and 6-min walk test, and inverse relation with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP). Adiponectin and visfatin showed positive correlations with PVR (p = 0.009 and p = 0.006). Serum adiponectin, visfatin and leptin were inversely associated with Z-scores. After adjusting for BMI and FMI, such associations persisted between visfatin and adiponectin levels and Z-scores at both sites. ET-1 related to mPAP, cardiac index and PVR. Negative correlation was observed between ET-1 and FN BMD (p = 0.01). Positive correlations have revealed between ET-1 and adiponectin (p = 0.02), visfatin (p = 0.004) in IPAH patients. These results provide further evidence that adipokine and endothelial dysregulation may cause not only a decrease in BMD, but also an increase in hemodynamic disorders of IPAH.
A disequilibrium of tumor necrosis superfamily (TNF) members, including the serum osteoprotegerin, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and TNF-α, was associated with the occurrence of a reduced skeletal mass and osteoporosis in male patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between serum biomarkers of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and body and bone compositions in end-stage COPD males. Pulmonary function, T-score at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, lean mass, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), TNF-α and its receptors (sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II) and soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) levels were evaluated in 48 male patients with end-stage COPD and 36 healthy male volunteers. OPG was lower in male COPD patients than in control subjects, whereas sRANKL, TNF-α and its receptors were higher. The serum sTRAIL level showed a tendency to increase compared with that of healthy subjects (P = 0.062). Serum OPG showed a positive correlation with bone density. In contrast, serum TNF-α, sRANKL and sTRAIL were inversely associated with pretransplant bone density. We have noted the appearance of statistically significant inverse relationships between lean mass values and TNF-α, sTNFR-I and II and sRANKL levels in male COPD patients. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between sTRAIL levels with airway obstruction (P = 0.005) and hypercapnia (P = 0.042) in advanced COPD patients. Through a multiple linear regression analysis, our study revealed that a disequilibrium of TNF family members was strongly associated with the occurrence of a reduced skeletal mass and osteoporosis. These results provide further evidence that abnormal levels of TNF superfamily molecules may cause not only a decrease in BMD, but also lower muscle mass in end-stage COPD.
1 -ГБОУ ВПО «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России: 690002, Владивосток, пр т Острякова, 2; 2 -ФГБУЗ «Дальневосточный окружной медицинский центр» ФМБА России: 690022, Владивосток, пр т 100 лет Владивостоку, 161 РезюмеЦелью исследования явилось изучение содержания лептина, адипонектина и эндотелина 1 (ЭТ 1) в сыворотке крови и определение их роли в формировании остеопороза (ОП) при хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ). Материалы и методы. Легочная функция, индекс массы тела (ИМТ), минеральная плотность костной ткани (МПКТ) в поясничном отделе позвоночника и шейке бед ра, уровни лептина, адипонектина и ЭТ 1 определялись у пациентов с ХОБЛ (n = 126) в зависимости от стадии по GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease -Глобальная стратегия диагностики, лечения и профилактики ХОБЛ) и здоровых (n = 86). Результа ты и обсуждение. ОП при ХОБЛ установлен у 43 % обследуемых, остеопения -у 34 %, у 23 % больных показатели были в норме. Остео пенический синдром выявлен у 35 % лиц группы контроля. Средние значения МПКТ в позвоночнике и шейке бедра в общей группе ХОБЛ при II стадии (GOLD) соответствовали остеопении, при ХОБЛ III и IV стадии (GOLD) -ОП. Обнаружена зависимость между МПКТ и объемом форсированного выдоха за 1 ю секунду (ОФВ1) (позвоночник: r = 0,38; p < 0,05; шейка бедра: r = 0,43; p < 0,05) и рСО2 (позвоночник: r = -0,46; p < 0,05; шейка бедра: r = -0,39; p < 0,05) в общей группе ХОБЛ. Содержание лептина и адипонектина при ХОБЛ I и II стадии (GOLD) не отличалось от контроля. При ХОБЛ III и IV стадии (GOLD) уровень лептина снижался, а адипонекти на -повышался по отношению к контролю (p < 0,05). Выявлены прямая связь между ИМТ и уровнем лептина (r = 0,64; p < 0,001) и от рицательная корреляция с уровнем адипонектина (r = -0,51; p < 0,01). Связь между показателями ОФВ1 и диффузионной способности легких определены только с лептином (p < 0,001). Показатель уровня лептина прямо коррелирует с МПКТ в шейке бедра и позвоноч нике (r = 0,66; p < 0,001; r = 0,49; p < 0,05 соответственно), тогда как уровень адипонектина имеет негативную связь (шейка бедра: r = -0,43; p < 0,05; позвоночник: r = -0,49; p < 0,001). Установлена обратная корреляционная связь между содержанием ЭТ 1 и МПКТ в позвоночнике (r = -0,51; p < 0,01) и лептином (r = -0,46; p < 0,05) с ОФВ1 (r = -0,43, p < 0,05) и pО2 (r = -0,54, p < 0,05), прямая за висимость -с pСО2 (r = 0,68; p < 0,001) и адипонектином (r = 0,51; p < 0,05). Взаимосвязи ЭТ 1 с адипокинами установлены только у больных ХОБЛ с ОП. Заключение. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют об участии адипокинов и ЭТ 1 в патогенезе дыхательной недостаточности и потере плотности кости при ХОБЛ. Наиболее выраженный характер изменений и тесные корреляционные связи данных показателей с МПКТ отмечены у пациентов с ОП. SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and endothelin 1 and to search their role in development of osteo porosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Method...
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