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It has been recently shown that manifestation of nonmonotonic concentration dependences of physicochemical properties of highly diluted solutions (10 -20 -10 -6 mol/L) of biologically active compounds (BACs) correlating with their bioeffects is caused by formation and rearrangement of nanoobjects (100-400 nm), referred to as nanoassociates (see review [1] and references therein). It has been revealed that nanoassociates are initiated by a solute under certain conditions, the most essential among which are the presence of external electromagnetic fields, the defi nite structure of the solute, and the procedure of prep aration of solutions. In highly diluted BAC solutions kept in a permalloy container, i.e., at reduced levels of external physical fields, nanoassociates are not formed and the properties of solutions correspond to the prop erties of the solvent, water. Based on analysis of data on self organization and physicochemical and biolog ical properties of highly diluted BAC solutions, we have suggested the method for predicting initiation of bioeffects [2]. Owing to nonmonotonic concentration dependences, these bioeffects are usually observed only in some dilution ranges corresponding to definite calculated concentrations.Numerous studies carried out in recent decades are evidence of the biological activity of highly diluted solutions in which the calculated concentration is much less than 10 -20 mol/L [3,4]. The detected bio logical activity of ultrahighly diluted solutions is prac tically used for drugs containing, as the active ingredi ent, ultralow concentrations of antibodies, proteins produced by immune system cells (lymphocytes). Antibodies are glycoproteins with a complex structure and high molecular weight (150 kDa) belonging to a special class of biomolecules-immunoglobulins. The ability of antibodies to specifically interact with other proteins (antigens) ensures their participation in the anti infection defense, as well as enables their use in regulation of the immune system and in maintaining homeostasis of an organism as a whole. At present, for drugs based on ultrahigh dilutions of antibodies, the safety, efficiency [5][6][7][8], and specific pharmacological effect [9] have been proved at the preclinical and clin ical levels; however, physicochemical causes of their impact on the living organism is not yet clear.In attempts to physicochemically explain the bio logical activity of ultrahigh dilutions, it is logical to use the previously developed approach and understanding of the causes behind the physicochemical properties and biological effects of solutions in the range of lower dilutions corresponding to 10 -20 -10 -6 mol/L [1,2]. This work is aimed at studying, under ambient con ditions and at decreased levels of external physical fields (in a permalloy container), the self organization and physicochemical properties of highly diluted aqueous solutions of polyclonal antibodies to the pro tein interferon gamma. We also intend to establish the correlation between the self organization of high...

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Diluted water solutions of anti-oxidant potassium phenosan, kept before explorations in "usual" conditions and in conditions of "permalloy container", i.e. shielding of solution from the influence of external low-frequency electromagnetic and/or geomagnetic fields, were studied. It is shown that in solutions kept in shielded conditions in the area of high dilution with a concentration of solutions lower than "threshold", nanoobjects called "nanoassociates", are not formed, and anomalous physicochemical and biological properties observed in solutions kept in "usual" conditions, are not found. We conclude that anomalous physicochemical and biological properties of highly diluted water solutions of potassium phenosan made under "usual" conditions are determined by "nanoassociates", in which an external low-frequency electromagnetic and/or geomagnetic field is a necessary condition of the formation.

A variety of physicochemical methods were used to examine the self-organization, physicochemical, UV absorption, and fluorescent properties of diluted aqueous solutions (calculated concentrations from 1·10−20 to 1·10−2 M) of the membrane voltage-dependent potassium channels blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Using the dynamic light scattering method, it was shown that 4-AP solutions at concentrations in the range of 1·10−20–1·10−6 M are dispersed systems in which domains and nanoassociates of hundreds of nm in size are formed upon dilution. An interrelation between the non-monotonic concentration dependencies of the size of the dispersed phase, the fluorescence intensity (λex 225 nm, λem 340 nm), specific electrical conductivity, and pH has been established. This allows us to predict the bioeffects of the 4-AP systems at low concentrations. The impact of these diluted aqueous systems on the electrical characteristics of identified neurons of Helix lucorum snails was studied. Incubation of neurons in the 4-AP systems for which the formation of domains and nanoassociates had been established lead to a nonmonotonic decrease of the resting potential by 7–13%. An analysis of the obtained results and published data allows for a conclusion that a consistent change in the nature and parameters of the dispersed phase, as well as the pH of the medium, apparently determines the nonmonotonic nature of the effect of the 4-AP systems in a 1·10−20–1·10−6 M concentration range on the resting membrane potential of neurons. It was found that the pre-incubation of neurons in the 4-AP system with a concentration of 1·10−12 M led to a 17.0% synergistic decrease in the membrane potential after a subsequent treatment with 1·10−2 M 4-AP solution. This finding demonstrates a significant modifying effect of self-organized dispersed systems of 4-AP in low concentrations on the neurons’ sensitivity to 4-AP.