the acute diarrhea is a wide-spread disease. the prescription of enterosorbents is appropriate as a primary measure for the treatment of the acute diarrhea for effective prevention of the fluid and electrolyte loss, as well as method for symptom relief of the attack of the disease. Aim of the study -the antidiarrheal efficacy and safety study of high-dispersion silicon dioxide enterosorbent in tablet dosage form in patients with acute diarrhea. This was randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-center study. Acute diarrhea was defined as three and more episodes of watery stool per day either during 48 hours or less before study entry in the patients having normal stool recently. It has been postulated that symptoms and signs of acute diarrhea have to be caused by direct infection of the gastrointestinal tract and did not associated with moderate-to-severe systemic states. 144 patients with established acute diarrhea were randomized into treatment group (enterosorbent "carbowhite", n = 120) or placebo group. Date collection including severity diarrhea, systemic symptoms was performed at baseline and daily during 7 days. Stool examination and serological assay were performed at baseline. The primary end points were declared as time to complete recovery from acute diarrhea. It has been found that the use of the siliceous enterosorbent ("carbowhite") allowed to reduce (p < 0.001) the treatment period averagely for 0.9 days (95% confidence interval 0.5-1.2 days) in comparison with placebo. Data of safety monitoring has revealed that both patient groups had negative stool culture, while initiation of antibiotic treatment was run more frequently in placebo group (8.3%) compared to investigational product group (4.1%, P = 0.044). The siliceous enterosorbent "Carbowhite" was well tolerated and reduced the recovery time of the acute episode of the diarrhea in the clinically significant form.The acute infectious diarrhea is a challenge for the contemporary medicine, although the leading factors contributing in the pathogenesis of the disease is well known 1 . However, there is a large body of evidence regarding higher rate of morbidity and mortality in developing countries due to diarrheal diseases 2,3 . Moreover, the acute diarrheal diseases are also wide-spread in the countries with high sanitary-hygienic level 3 . Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group finds that the global burden of diarrheal diseases is comparable to those of the major infectious diseases, as HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis 4 .

В обзоре литературы представлены современные данные о влиянии некоторых нутриентов на профилактику неинфекционных заболеваний (метаболических заболеваний, фоновых состояний, аллергической патологии) у детей. Для детей грудного возраста эталоном вскармливания является грудное молоко, обеспечивающее рост и развитие ребенка. Представлены данные о влиянии пребиотических свойств олигосахаридов грудного молока и микробиоты кишечника на рост, развитие и состояния здоровья ребенка. Освещены вопросы «программирования» метаболизма при рациональном адаптированном питании в период грудного и раннего возраста, а также недоношенных детей, влияния питательных веществ на иммунитет, пищеварительную систему, костную ткань, развитие мозга и когнитивные функции. Оценены факторы, влияющие на развитие пищевой аллергии в детском возрасте. Для организации полноценного питания важен правильный выбор продукта специального состава, отвечающего особенностям детей конкретного возраста и характеру нарушенных обменных процессов. The literature review presents current data on the effect of certain nutrients on the prevention of non-infectious diseases (metabolic diseases, background conditions, allergic pathology) in children. For infants, the standard of feeding is breast milk, which ensures the growth and development of the baby. The data on the influence of the prebiotic properties of breast milk oligosaccharides and intestinal microbiota on the growth, development and health of the child are presented. The issues of «programming» metabolism with rational adapted nutrition during infancy and early age, as well as premature infants, the effect of nutrients on immunity, the digestive system, bone tissue, brain development and cognitive functions are highlighted. The factors influencing the development of food allergy in childhood were evaluated. For the organization of good nutrition, it is important to choose the right product of a special composition that meets the characteristics of children of a particular age and the nature of disturbed metabolic processes. This literature review discusses the current understanding of the effect of certain nutrients in children on the prevention of a number of noncommunicable diseases. It is emphasized that the standard of feeding for young children is breast milk, which provides the child with everything necessary for his growth and development.

The study of the mechanism of oxidative stress and regulation of oxygen-dependent processes is important, as the establishment of a complex interaction between oxidative stress, oxidative protein damage and the body's antioxidant system makes it possible to clarify metabolic pathways of disease pathogenesis. In our study, we concluded that in patients with chronic non-specificinflammatory diseases of the genitals of men and women, the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is reduced mainly by the oxygen-dependent mechanism, and tissue - by the oxygen-independent. As an exception in patients with chlamydial infection, the phagocytic activity of tissue polymorphonuclear leukocytes was also reduced by an oxygen-dependent mechanism.

The aim. To examine the impact of individual medical and social factors, including work experience, lifestyle and living conditions, excess body weight, metabolic syndrome, types of circadian rhythms of blood pressure, and heredity, on the frequency of arterial hypertension (hypertensive disease - HD) formation. Materials and methods. The study involved the collection of anamnestic data, conducting interviews, performing objective examinations, and monitoring blood pressure in 391 medical workers, predominantly from therapeutic, surgical, and intensive care backgrounds. The obtained data were statistically processed using probability assessment criteria, risks assessed through odds ratio (OR), and ROC analysis. The results. The study revealed that only 33% of medical workers have a normal body weight. The risk of developing hypertensive disease (HD) is 3.24 times higher in the group with excess body weight and 8.72 times higher in the group with obesity compared to the examined subjects with normal body weight (p<0.0001). Daily blood pressure monitoring results showed a statistically significant difference in 12 out of the 21 studied parameters (p<0.05) between patients with HD, with and without metabolic syndrome. This indicates that the presence of metabolic syndrome affects the severity of hypertensive disease. Additionally, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the distribution of circadian rhythm types of blood pressure between groups with and without hypertension. It was established that there is a predominance of unfavorable types of circadian blood pressure rhythm in medical worker groups experiencing high professional psycho-emotional stress (78.1-85.5%). Recognizing the risk factors for HD occurrence in medical workers can significantly enhance the effectiveness of a comprehensive hypertensive disease prevention program, leading to reduced blood pressure levels and a lower frequency of complications. Conclusions. It has been established that excess body weight is a risk factor for the development of hypertensive disease (HD) in medical personnel. The presence of metabolic syndrome has been proven to affect the severity of the hypertensive disease course. There is a certain association between disruptions in circadian blood pressure rhythms, professional psycho-emotional stress, and the development of arterial hypertension in medical workers of certain specialties. The prognostically significant threshold level of work experience for the formation of a group at an increased risk of developing HD is 11 years.

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