*Кафедра хімічної технології кераміки та скла Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут» пр. Перемоги, 37, м. Київ, Україна, 03056 Доступними та порівняно простими фізикохімічними методами досліджено вплив катіонних поверхнево-активних речовин з різною структурою гідрофобного ланцюга на зміну структури поверхні силікатного мінералу монтморилоніту. Доведено, що при збільшенні довжини гідрофобної частини при адсорбції алкіламонійних солей відбувається формування подвійного шару органічних катіонів, що призводить до значного покращення адсорбційних властивостей Ключові слова: поверхня, адсорбція, монтморилоніт, четвертинні алкіламонійні солі, седиментація, макроелектрофорез, хром, кобальт
Background. Development of new materials for the systems of reflection and registration of visual signals that can work in the infrared range remains an ongoing. Industry of optics ran into a problem, when the known systems based on silicate glass do not provide the necessary width of zone of transparency, and materials based on fluoride of metals have subzero chemical firmness.Objective. The aim of the work is development of the methodology towards the synthesis and research of properties of fluoride glasses and oxyfluorides of rare-earth elements (REE) and yttrium. Methods. To achieve the goal approach is applied in relation to a synthesis and research with the use of thermal, x-rayed, luminescent and other methods. As initial substances commercial connections ZrF 4 ; LaF 3 ; AlF 3 ; GaF 3 ; BaF 2 ; YF 3 ; Y 2 O 3 ; EuF 3 ; Eu 2 O 3 ; GdF 3 ; Gd 2 O 3 ; TbF 3 ; Tb 2 O 3 were used. Results. The possibility to create luminescent materials based on fluoride glasses of 95 % ZLAG + 5 % ZBLA and oxyfluorides of REE has been studied. For synthesis of these materials europium and terbium compounds have been used as luminophores emitting in visible spectrum. Conclusions. According to the experimental data, it can be concluded that synthesized fluoride glasses can be used as perspective materials for optic amplifiers and lasers, where besides physical properties, one of the most important requirements is a possibility to take a necessary form of final product. The oxyfluorides having good photoluminescent yield and resistivity to aggressive milieu can be perspective materials for luminescent dispositifs of common use.
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