The relevance of research on the use of information technologies to solve applied problems, in particular, financial policy management at the micro level has been revealed in this article. The own definition of the concept of financial policy at the enterprise level has been proposed as a triad of the main content principles, namely: asset management, cash flow management, liability management. It has been established that research in the field of financial policy is mostly theoretical, therefore the development of software module based on the model of solving a practical problem presented in the article is relevant for Ukrainian enterprises. After structurization and determination the list of financial policy tasks, an original improvement of one of the important components in asset management, namely the task of modeling the amount of receivables, has been proposed. In order to obtain the maximum economic effect, it has been proposed to suggest to calculate the optimal level of accounts receivable. Using of the method of approximation of the non-linear dependence of receivables on the credit period, which was initiated by O. I. Luchkov, has been substantiated. The principles of the methodics have been defined, its modification and clarification have been proposed in the direction of the development of methods for calculating the numerical values of all components of the model in the article. This method allows the obtaining the optimal term of the credit period in days and the optimal amount of receivables in monetary terms. Model experiment has been executed to test the model's operation, during which data from the financial statements of one of the operating enterprises have been used. The obtained results testify to the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed methodics are served as an information basis for management decisions regarding the assessment of the effectiveness of measures to manage the company's financial policy. The software module has been developed that, based on the results of certain calculations, allows to make quick and well-founded decisions about balancing the structure of assets and liabilities in order to restore financial stability and increase profits.
The article deals with a competence approach to forming a business strategy. The authors have developed a comprehensive algorithm for modelling of the behaviour of the economic entity with regard to all aspects of the relevant activities on the basis of the assessment system of parameters according to the triad principle in the framework of the selected strategy. They suggest a new vision of the concept of competence, usefulness and adaptability. The testing of the proposed model was carried out on the example of the private company «TK Novyi Svit» (the New World Tourist Company).
Анотація. Системи пенсійного забезпечення в багатьох країнах світу проходять реформування, що пов’язано здебільшого з демографічними змінами населення. Солідарна система не в змозі забезпечити як гідну пенсію, так і бездефіцитність пенсійного фонду. Впровадження в дію обов’язкового накопичувального рівня потребує економічних передумов та аналізу можливих варіантів розвитку. Метою роботи є моделювання впливу структури системи пенсійного забезпечення України, проведення аналізу впливу альтернативних структур пенсійного забезпечення на економічні показники в залежності від демографічної та економічної ситуації в країні. Для досягнення поставленої мети спершу визначаються економічні показники, на основі яких можна приймати рішення щодо оптимальної структури пенсійної системи. Це сумарний дохід людини протягом життя, коефіцієнт заміщення останньої зарплати пенсією, середня різниця між доходами та видатками солідарного пенсійного фонду за весь період, видатки роботодавця на пенсійне забезпечення. Структура державної обов’язкової пенсійної системи країни визначається співвідношення накопичувальної та розподільчої системи та розподілом обов’язків між роботодавцем і найманим працівником. Дані аналізу показують, що лише солідарний рівень пенсійної системи забезпечує недостатній коефіцієнт заміщення. При всіх альтернативах існує дефіцит солідарного пенсійного фонду. Для збільшення доходів важливий коефіцієнт участі населення у солідарній системі. Відрахування у накопичувальну систему у розмірі 7% здатне збільшити коефіцієнт заміщення до майже 50% при 6% доходності. Дана система показників може бути використана при прийнятті рішень щодо параметрів структури пенсійної системи. Сценарний підхід дає змогу проаналізувати різні варіанти розвитку економічних та демографічних подій та приймати рішення у змішаних стратегіях. Також демографічні вхідні показники моделі дають змогу проаналізувати показники при зміні пенсійного віку, що теж є актуальним в період реформування. Ключові слова: пенсійна система, структура пенсійної системи, коефіцієнт заміщення, пенсійний фонд.
In modern conditions of intensifying competition in consumer markets, stable operation of enterprises is ensured by the implementation of strategies for maximum satisfaction of consumer demand for goods and related services. Planning such strategies requires improvements in various enterprise systems, in particular, the inventory management system based on the rationalization and optimization of product flows, use of appropriate models and methods for these tasks. Every company strives to satisfy the customer at the highest possible level. This task requires a significant investment in inventory. At the same time, an equally important task is to find new opportunities to reduce all types of costs and increase profits, therefore, from the point of view of finance, the ideal state is when there is no stock while the production needs of the company are met in full. But such a situation is absolutely impossible in real conditions. In order to work as efficiently as possible and reach acceptable financial indicators, it is necessary to effectively manage inventory stock at the enterprise. An essential feature of inventory modeling process is uncertainty in real conditions, which is associated with the inaccuracy or incompleteness of information about demand, supply, time delays of ordered goods, product spoilage and other parameters of the logistics system. This necessitates an effective inventory management mechanism in conditions of uncertainty. Solving this problem requires calculation of exact date and quantity of each subsequent order. Most modern software packages for inventory management are quite difficult to understand or require large financial expenses. In addition, most practical applications are designed for deterministic parameters of demand and production schedule. In fact, demand has a high level of uncertainty, which requires improved algorithms using stochastic theory of inventory management. Thus, a number of issues related to this field still remain unresolved or incompletely resolved. Most publications consider the classic toolkit with some well-known modifications. However, classic models are quite difficult to apply in in real life because the ideal conditions are difficult to achieve in practice. The models do not take into account the limitations imposed by internal and external factors. Based on this, we have created software that would perform the required task. The final product of the research is a software product that enables warehouse operators and managers to optimize drafting a schedule of production inventory deliveries in conditions of demand uncertainty, as well as controlling deliveries based on an economic-mathematical model of inventory management in conditions of demand uncertainty. The software is able to determine the optimal period of delivery of several types of resources, total costs for storage and ordering, the effect of the obtained savings, speeding up and simplifying the dispatcher's work.
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