The article presents a bioclimatic model of the potential range of Bulbocodium versicolor in European Russia. To build the model, we analyzed a matrix containing 166 B. versicolor localities in the studied region; the analysis was carried out in the SDMtoolbox program using the climatic paramaters from the WorldClim open database. The model demonstrates that, given the available dataset on the modern climatic conditions, B. versicolor may occur in a wider geographical range comprising, at the very least, the Belgorod, Voronezh, Volgograd, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov and Saratov provinces. Also, within European Russia, the most favorable conditions for B. versicolor are found in most of the Voronezh and Volgograd provinces as well as in some areas of the Right Bank and Left Bank of the Volga River adjacent to the Volga Upland (in the Saratov province). The maximum occurrence probability is 70–100% while the average occurrence probability is 40– 60%. The maximum contribution to the model is made by the precipitation of the warmest and most humid quarter (June–August); a smaller contribution is made by the average temperature of the coldest (December–February) and warmest (June – August) quarters as well as by the average annual precipitation. The least contribution is made by the precipitation of the most humid month (July) and the driest quarter (March–May). Finally, we conclude that bioclimatic model facilitates a better understanding of the geographical distribution of the species in question.

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Поступила в редакцию 12.12.15 г. Характеристика местообитаний и адаптации к ним Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. (Fabáceae, Dicotylédones) в южной части Приволжской возвышенности.-Лаврентьев М. В., Болдырев В. А.-Впервые на территории южной части Приволжской возвышенности в административных границах Саратовской области проведено исследование ценопопуляций Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. и даны характеристики рельефа, почвообразующих пород и почв в местах их обитания. Основные экологические шкалы дополнены новыми данными, выявлены амплитуды толерантности по жизненно важным экологическим факторам и представлены особенности адаптации данного вида к среде обитания. Показано, что H. grandiflorum является достаточно стенобионтным видом. Найдена зависимость жизненности вида с глубиной залегания почвообразующей породы, увлажнением, богатством и засолённостью почвы. Ключевые слова: Hedysarum grandiflorum, характеристика местообитаний, экологическая амплитуда, Приволжская возвышенность. Habitat and adaptation characterization of Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. (Fabáceae, Dicotylédones) in the southern Volga Upland.-Lavrentiev M. V. and Boldyrev V. A.-The coenopopulations of Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. in the southern Volga Upland within the administrative boundaries of the Saratov region were studied for the first time. The relief, parent rocks and soils in their habitats were characterized. Main environmental scales were supplemented by new data. Tolerance amplitudes by vital environmental factors were revealed. Adaptation features of this species to its environment are presented. H. grandiflorum is shown to be a quite stenobiontic species. A relationship between the species' vitality and the parent rock depth, soil moisture, wealth and salinity was found.

In recent decades the interest to the study of Hedysarum has increased. Researchers touched upon the classical issues of morphology and variability of external features of Hedysarum grandiflorum and other species of Hedysarum (to clarify morphology, to more accurately separate existing species, to describe the morphology of new species, including rare ones) providing almost no detailed descriptions. The paper provides information about the morphology of external features of H. grandiflorum in the Southern Volga Upland. The study was conducted in 2007–2018. We have studied 23 H. grandiflorum cenopopulations in habitats with various environmental conditions, where more than 600 counting sites were laid, and concluded that the morphological features of H. grandiflorum are rather variable and the values of morphometric parameters are higher in the northeastern part of the study area. The well-being of the population is achieved due to some heterogeneity in the size of individual plants and by means of suppressing the growth and size of separate cenopopulations. The decrease in the parameters of signs is often associated with a higher anthropogenic load. Dimensional indicators of individuals from the cenopopulations of the species studied depend on the thickness of soil, which decreases from fescue-feather grass to petrophyte steppes. Cluster analysis has allowed us to divide the cenopopulations into southern, northern and northeastern ones, and those with anthropogenic impact. The least variable and most informative morphological features of H. grandiflorum (in the descending order of importance) are: the length of the standard, the diameter of the caudex, the plant height, the number of foliole pairs, the number of inflorescences, the number of leaves, the length of the unpaired foliole, the number of flowers on the inflorescence, the length of leaves and the width of the unpaired foliole. In the overwhelming majority of the plants encountered, all the petals of the corolla were of uniform light yellow color, turning into a white tint to the edges of the petals. In some cenopopulations, the corolla can be colored differently and unevenly, especially at the keel. Approximately 0.3% of individuals of the corolla petals and/or the lower part of the keel and/or veins are light blue or light pink, less than 0.07% has a light magenta or even light purple tint of the veins of the carina, edges of the petals or the whole corolla. Similar individuals are found in other regions. Many scientists noted this peculiarity a long time ago and had already described this phenomenon as a color variation (for example, H. grandiflorum var. violaceum) or less often, as a subspecies (for example, H. grandiflorum ssp. argenteum). Individuals with recessive coloring of the corolla from the area of study are called intraspecific color variations.

Учебное пособие содержит конспект лекций, вопросы для контроля успеваемости, основные методы и приёмы работы на занятиях, задания для лабораторных занятий и вопросы для промежуточной аттестации. Для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки бакалавриата 44.03.01 «Педагогическое образование», профиля «Биология», заочной формы обучения.