While considering globalization of the economy, especially its influence on domestic socio-economic policy, as well as the role of the transport complex in implementation of interstate economic relations, problems of assessing and comparing labour productivity are highlighted.Comparative analysis of international experience (EU,USandRussia) in the field of labour productivity evaluation for railways is conducted. The influence of modern trends associated with restructuring of railway industry, introduction of new equipment and technology, their impact on the changes in the structure of the company’s staff, is analyzed, particularly at the example of Russian Railways.It is concluded that the growth rates of labour productivity on the railways of Russia generally outpace the rates of its growth in other sectors of the economy. However, the need persists to continue the search for additional resources able to increase productivity and consistent with the impact of globalization on the economy, labour market and labour motivation.