The current stage of development of the seventh pandemic of cholera in the world is characterized by a tendency to widespread, registration of outbreaks, epidemics and sporadic cases of diseases associated with drifts, including single drifts of this infection (without spreading) into Russia. The territory of Russia is one of the most water-supplied countries in the world; however, some of the rivers, such as the Volga, Ob, Amur, and Don are among the most important economic arteries, therefore just these rivers were the objects of study for this work. A comparative multivariate analysis of data from long-term monitoring studies on cholera showed that in all the studied reservoirs during the study period there was observed the isolation of cultures of Vibrio cholerae with diverse phenotypic characteristics. The data obtained allows us to tentatively assume that in Russia there are a number of areas with aquatic ecosystems, such as r. Volga, Ob, Amur, and Don, in which non-toxic cholera vibrios can survive during the summer period. In the microbiological aspect of cholera epidemiological surveillance, the accumulation of long-term data on the circulation of Vibrio cholera strains in environmental objects is important. From our point of view, the use of computer technologies (Geoinformational System) for analyzing the dynamics of the isolation of V. cholerae cultures in both spatial and temporal formats contributes to the timely determination of the direction and volume of preventive measures in each specific administrative territory of the country.

Aim. Application of the authors’ GIS «Cholera 1989-2014» for systematization of atoxigenic strains of serogroup 01 cholera vibrios (ctxAB-tcpA-, ctxAB-tcpA+), isolated from aquatic objects of the environment by pheno- and genotype. Materials and methods. A sample of 304 Vibrio cholerae 01 strains was studied. Isolation of 39 genes related to pathogenicity was carried out. Discrimination ability of a set of genes was determined by Simpson formula. Cluster analysis was carried out by UPGMA method. Results. Analysis of multi-year data on aquatic V. cholerae 01 strains in country’s subject was carried out using GIS. A possibility of systematization of phenotypes of the isolated strains by defined parameters was shown. An experimental program for detection of presence/lack of various genes and their combinations forgenotyping was developed. Conclusion. GIS was established to allow to carry out analysis of phenotypes by defined parameters, as well as implement approximate systematization of genotypes of atoxigenic strains of cholera vibrios 01 by optimally sufficient detection of 14 genes.

The aim of the review was to analyze and assess the epidemiological situation on cholera in the world and Russia in 2013–2022 and to make a forecast for 2023. Over the period of 2013–2022, 500 administrative territories affected by cholera were identified in various regions of 71 countries of Asia, Africa and America (the Caribbean region) with formation of 69 endemic foci in 16, 41 and 12 countries, respectively. In 2022, 1 209 301 cases of cholera were registered in 36 countries of the world. The intensity of epidemic process in Asian countries (Syria, Lebanon) increased. Unfavorable epidemiological situation on the African continent persisted. Epidemics and large outbreaks, which began in 2021–2022 due to emergency situations (ES) of social and natural character, continued. The prediction of the stability of the epidemiological situation on cholera in the territories of constituent entities of the Russian Federation (RF), given for 2022, has been confirmed. In 2022, 43 non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae О1 were isolated from surface water bodies, 8 V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139 strains – from humans. Similarity of those strains with genetically closely related ones isolated in the course of monitoring in previous years in Russia, Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) and Zaporozhye Region was demonstrated. In 2023, the risks of importation of the infection into RF are retained. It is associated with the intensification of epidemic processes in Asian, African and Caribbean region countries. The extended border with Ukraine, to where importation of cholera from endemic countries is possible, contributes to increased degree of threat. Bioterrorism is also not excluded. The consequences of a possible cholera epidemic complication in DPR, Lugansk People’s Republic, Zaporozhye and Kherson Regions are exacerbated by social emergencies resulting in disruption of infrastructure, interruptions in water supply, etc. In the absence of implementation of the risks of importation of this infection on the territory of RF, a stable epidemiological situation on cholera will be retained. Detection of non-toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains (including probability of clonal complexes formation), as well as strains of non-O1/non-O139 serogroups, which can be etiological factors of sporadic cases or outbreaks of diarrheal diseases, in surface water bodies is predicted.

цель настоящей работы заключалась в сравнительном анализе результатов мониторинговых исследований штаммов Vibrio cholerae, выделенных на территориях федеральных округов, входящих в них субъектов и из конкретных водных объектов в период 2006-2016 гг. на основе методологии с использованием пополняемой геоинформационной системы «холера 1989-2014» проведено сравнительное изучение динамики выделения и биологических свойств 586 штаммов холерных вибрионов о1, о139 и р-вариантов, изолированных из водных объектов окружающей среды на административных территориях россии. в результате установлено, что штам-мы Vibrio cholerae различных серогрупп обнаруживались на территории всех федеральных округов, но не всех субъектов, входящих в них. показано, что за изучаемый период наибольшее количество изолированных штаммов было зарегистрировано в Южном федеральном округе. подавляющее количество штаммов холерных вибрио-нов, выделенных в стране, являлись нетоксигенными. отмечено, что на фоне эпидблагополучия продолжалось обнаружение единичных эпидзначимых штаммов (ростовская область). Штаммы ctxA -tcpA + обнаруживались в Южном, дальневосточном и северо-западном федеральных округах. установлено, что до 2013 г. в пяти субъ-ектах штаммы холерных вибрионов о1 и о139 в водных объектах не обнаруживались. нетоксигенные штаммы холерных вибрионов о1 эль тор серовара огава превалировали на территориях Южного и уральского, а серовара инаба -на территории остальных федеральных округов. наиболее часто выделялись нетоксигенные штаммы Vibrio cholerae о1 с фаготипом 15, а изоляты с фаготипами 4, 5, 10, 14 и 17 встречались только на территории Южного федерального округа. полученные данные обозначили подход, способствующий комплексной оценке эпидситуации по холере на территории россии, и подчеркнули перспективы применения гис для повышения эффективности мониторинга холерных вибрионов в водных объектах окружающей среды.Ключевые слова: геоинформационная система, федеральные округа россии и их субъекты, объекты окружаю-щей среды, холерные вибрионы, фено-и генотип. Analysis of the Results of cholera Vibrios Monitoring in Environmental Objects in the Administrative Territories of the Russian Federation Using GIS "cHOLERA 1989-2014" Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute, Rostov-on-Don, Russian FederationObjective of the work was to compare the results of monitoring of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated in the territories of federal districts, their constituent entities and from certain water bodies between 2006-2016. Based on the methodology, using updated geoinformation system "Cholera 1989-2014", a comparative study of the dynamics of isolation and biological properties of 586 Vibrio cholerae O1, O139 strains and R-variants, collected from the surface water bodies in the administrative territories of Russia, was carried out. Eventually it is established that Vibrio cholerae strains of various serogroups are found in the territory of all federal districts, but not in all the entities included in them. It is shown that the greatest number of isolated str...

The aim of the work was to summarize the results of cholera monitoring in 2021, to assess current trends in the development of the epidemic process, and to predict the epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation for 2022. It was established that within the period of 2012–2021, 4117264 cases of cholera with the spread of infection across 83 countries on all continents were registered in the world and there was a downward trend in the incidence in Asia and Africa. The dynamics of monthly morbidity in 2021 was associated with emergencies as factors of epidemiological risk. Epidemics and outbreaks of cholera were documented against the background of COVID-19 pandemic and laid a double burden on healthcare systems. At the same time, based on the overview of the results of cholera monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it was shown that the forecast of epidemic well-being given for 2021 was fully justified. It has been determined that the increase in the number of non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 (67) isolated from water bodies compared to 2020 (25) is mainly due to the appurtenance of a number of isolates to clonal complexes. The study of phylogenetic relation has demonstrated that the detection of strains with genotypes which were previously identified in the isolates evidences the persistence potential. The identification of strains with new genotypes, which were earlier established in the strains circulating in other territories, pointed at the possibility of the occasional importations. The forecast of the epidemiological situation on cholera in Russia for 2022 is associated with the continuous existence of risks of introduction. If these epidemiological risks are not realized, a favorable epidemiological situation is predicted regarding this infection in the country. It is expected that the detection of epidemiologically insignificant strains of V. cholerae O1 in environmental water bodies, along with their clones and/or clonal complexes, will remain, including strains that may be an etiological factor in sporadic cases or outbreaks of disease.