To understand the choice of an intermediary, let us focus on the organization ofexchange of products (goods and services) between sellers and buyers throughthe two extreme forms of intermediary exchanges, ignoring the other roles thatintermediaries often play. In one оf thе forms of intermediary exchanges, the intermediary acts as a dealer (retailer) in a sense that it buys products from sellersand resells them to buyers: pricing is centralized by the intermediary. In the second form of intermediary exchange, the intermediary does not take control of theseller’s products, but simply offers access to a platform (or marketplace) wherebuyers and sellers can interact as they see fit: pricing is decentralized to marketparticipants, and the platform- taxes trade. The first form corresponds to a business model in which the dealer sets the wholesale price for sellers and sets theretail price for buyers, and sellers and buyers are price-takers. The second formcorresponds to a business model in which the platform operator collects a platform usage charge from each seller and collects a platform usage fee from each buyer, and sellers set retail prices for buyers. Market intermediaries coordinatethe actions of buyers and sellers. Firms carry out transactions, servicing thepayment system, inventory control, and record keeping, which are important forthe functioning of markets. In addition, firms provide a central place of exchange, thus reducing the search costs for buyers and sellers. By comparing thecosts of intermediation with the costs of non-intermediated exchange in the markets, matching buyers and sellers, or the costs of search, it can be shown that anintermediated exchange happens to be more beneficial. Indirect network effectson both sides of the market lead to the concept of so called two-sided platforms.In such a platform, the primary role of intermediary is to control access to theplatform that at least two groups of economic agents use to their interaction. Asimilar platform should be valued more by users of each group when the platform is used more by another group. Individual decisions to join a particularplatform then generate indirect network effects on agents on the other side ofplatform. Due to the centralized operation of the platform, the intermediary canadd value and capture rents by facilitating the internalization of the externalitiesrelated with network effects. The characteristics of intermediaries must meetcertain expectations of market participants.

Distributed information technologies developed at the NAS of Ukraine and routinely used (since 2015), with tens of thousands of users, requests and reports in real time, practically prove their ability to meet the needs of building resilient infrastructures. Cloud architectures with similar technologies simultaneously increase the resilience of cyberinfrastructures.

Network effects are determined by the influence of an additional user of a product or service on the value that other users attach to this product or service. Platforms are then defined as entities that connect economic agents, actively managing network effects among the digital copies (images) of those agents. Network effects are distinguished by their sources: such sources can be users of the only group or users of several groups. Because, on a digital platform, network effects are generated jointly by all users, regardless of the groups to which they belong, and interest in the platform increases when the volume of interaction this platform manages increases, it is difficult to distinguish between different sources of network effects. User participation in the platform and their application of platform features can be important because their active evaluation of products and services, together with information provided by user actions (for platforms that collect and apply big data), gives an understanding of those actions, allows providing better services by the platform or adding specific offers. When consumers search for a product, they face travel costs, price information costs, and product feature comparison costs. When suppliers are looking for a willing buyer, they incur travel costs and communication costs regarding their products. Intermediaries reduce transaction costs by centralizing the exchange. In the presence of a random-matching market, there are profitable opportunities for intermediaries to conduct centralized exchanges, since buyers and sellers are influenced by the type of their matching partner, and intermediation allows self-selecting for types of economic agents. Intermediated trade can partially or completely replace decentralized trade and lead to more socially efficient allocations.

Хоча елементи хмарних технологій існують з часів застосування кількох пристроїв для виконання одного завдання, невдалі спроби закріпити відповідний термін юридично були у 1997 р. (NetCentric) та 2007 р. (Dell). Зараз ці технології стали поширеними застосуваннями, які мають багато теоретичних і практичних нюансів. Крім того, ці технології дають найвищу капіталізацію. Інтернет уможливив дистанційне застосування багатьох пристроїв різної складності для різноманітних цілей, що ознаменувало еру хмарних технологій. Сучасне життя важко уявляти без використання хмарних інформаційних технологій та систем. До працюючих програм та програмних інтерфейсів висуваються такі вимоги, які ще на початку тисячоліття були поза увагою як користувачів, так і фахівців. Розвиток Інтернету та поява великих центрів обробки даних сприяли поширенню програмних застосунків, які складаються з кількох взаємодіючих підсистем і копій підсистем, що працюють у різних локаціях. Необхідність постійної та повсюдної доступності, а також потреба в обробці зростаючих обсягів даних і наданні цифрових послуг дедалі більшій кількості користувачів веде до того, що майже кожний додаток стає хмарною системою, а на хмарних технологіях засновують свою діяльність все більше організацій. Хмарні системи необхідні для того, щоб забезпечувати рівень стійкості до відмов, гнучкості та еластичності, очікуваний від сучасних комп’ютерних програм. В силу свого розподіленого характеру такі системи при грамотному структуруванні та належним чином спроектованій архітектурі більш надійні та масштабовані. Водночас за ці переваги доводиться платити. Оскільки будувати хмарні системи непросто, то вони, як правило, розробляються за окремими замовленнями. Кожна з них, за великим рахунком, розробляється з нуля, що характерно всім хмарним системам. Використання нових методологій проектування та технологій розробки хмарних систем дозволить задовольняти попит на сучасні, надійні, масштабовані прикладні програмні інтерфейси та сервіси, а також сприятиме створенню нових класів хмарних застосунків і сервісів у майбутньому.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive clinical and psychopathological study of the features of clinical manifestations of psychotic patients with schizophrenia with somatic disorders. It has been proven that disorders in schizophrenia are associated with a negative clinical-psychopathological and socio-personal prognosis, leading to increase of severity of psychopathological symptoms and a decrease in the level of socio-psychological functioning. The identified features of the clinical course have become the leading target features, a system of multidisciplinary and differentiated approach in the complex therapy of patients taking into account somatic comorbidity has been developed and implemented in practice. The proposed system is a set of activities, including a combination of pharmacotherapeutic, psychoeducational, psychotherapeutic and psychosocial activities, selected taking into account the specifics of the psychopathological process modified by somatic pathology. According to the results of testing, its effectiveness has been proven, and it has been established that its use can significantly improve the condition of patients and their level of socio-psychological functioning, increase the stability of remission and reduce the number of hospitalizations.