The paper presents a new method for preventing dust pollution in stone quarries using naphthenic wastes of petroleum refineries. The method is based on the use of naphthenate solutions of metals as wetting agents to minimize dust release during stone-cutting process. The studies were carried out in one of the stone quarries of the Absheron peninsula. Initial experiments were conducted by using sodium-naphthenate (RCOONa) solution from alkali wastes of refineries. The results have shown that the use of RCOONa as wetting agent considerably reduces both dust pollution and energy consumption of the used equipment, while increasing the service life of stone-cutting saw. A series of researches were carried out with cupric naphthenate (RCOOCu) to further use the obtained dust-naphthenate mixture in agriculture. The effect of various parameters on the quality of the obtained product was investigated. The investigations have revealed that maximal dust reduction and the good quality of dust-naphthenate mixture were observed with 0.13% solution of RCOOCu at 11˚-13˚ angle of slope and 100-180 rotation∕min. intensity of conveyer.

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Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме утилизации твердых бытовых отходов (ТБО). Предложен способ переработки органической части ТБО в удобрения, содержащие в своем составе как органические (~40%), так и минеральные (~60%) компоненты, т.е. представляющих собой аналог органоминеральных удобрений. Ввиду наличия в сырых бытовых отходах патогенной микрофлоры невозможно их использование без предварительного обезвреживания. Рассмотрена возможность использования геотермальных вод Азербайджана, выходящих на поверхность с температурой 25-75°С и содержащих сероводород, для борьбы с патогенной микрофлорой органической составляющей ТБО. Способ предусматривает обработку органической части ТБО геотермальными водами и введение природных добавок местного происхождения. Для внесения микроэлементов к органической составляющей ТБО добавляют фонолит, для регулирования рН полученного удобрения используют ракушечник. Изучено влияние присутствия НS в геотермальных водах на эффективность обеззараживания используемого сырья. Обоснована роль растворенного в геотермальных водах сероводорода в повышении эффективности обеззараживания. The article is devoted to the problem of solid household waste disposal. A procedure is proposed for convering the organic part of solid household waste into fertilizers containing both organic (~40%) and mineral (~60%) components, i.e. representing an analogue of organomineral fertilizers. Due to the presence of pathogenic microflora in raw household waste, it seems unreasonable to use it without preliminary detoxication. A possibility is considered of using geothermal waters of Azerbaijan, coming to the ground surface with a temperature of 25-75°C and containing hydrogen sulfide, for disinfection of the pathogenic microflora of the organic ingredients of the solid household waste. The method involves treating the organic part of the waste with geothermal water followed by introducing natural additives of the local origin. For introducing micronutrient elements, a phonolite is added to the organic component of the waste, and a local shell limestone is used for regulating pH level of the resulting fertilizer. The influence of НS presence in the geothermal waters on the efficiency of disinfection of the raw materials is studied. The role of hydrogen sulfide dissolved in the geothermal waters in increasing the efficiency of disinfection is substantiated.