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The article presents comparative analysis of quality of life of orphan children in condition of disease. The study covered random sampling of 317 respondents aged from 14 to 18 years. The analysis of quality of life was carried out using questionnaire WHOQOL-100. The statistical reliability of difference of values of average indices of quality of life in groups of respondents was established by non-parametric criterion Mann-Whitney U-test. It is established that by all parameters the indices of quality of life of children residing in family (healthy ones and suffering of diabetes mellitus) are similar and alter insignificantly. At the same time, quality of life of orphan children is significantly lower, especially in group of ill children. The role of social factors impacting quality of life in condition of disease is determined. The established statistical dependence of indices of quality of life from disease and efficiency of re-socialization proves possibility of objectification of strategies of rehabilitation and development of system of personalized medical and social care of orphan children in condition of disease.