Background: The technique of regional isolated perfusion makes it possible to increase local levels of an anti-tumor agent, to perform the treatment procedure under hypothermia or hyperthermia, to reduce or even eliminate any systemic effect of a cytostatic on the patient. In this context, the use of isolated perfusion to modify the pH milieu of the tumor seems to be a promising strategy that could potentially ensure the anti-tumor effect. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a rat limb perfusion with 4% NaHCO3 solution in vivo in the Pliss' lymphosarcoma rat graft model. Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out in Wistar rats with Pliss' lymphosarcoma graft. The isolated limb was perfused with an isotonic sodium chloride solution (the control group) or a 4% sodium bicarbonate solution (the treatment group). The following parameters were assessed: tumor node growth over time, survival rate, hematology analysis at various time points of the experiment, and histological examination of autopsy samples from the tumor. Results: Median survival in the group perfused with 4% NaHCO3 (N = 6) was 17.2 days, whereas in the non-perfused group (the pathogenesis group) (N = 4) and in the group perfused with isotonic saline (N = 5) they were 13.2 and 13.6 days, respectively. The risk of death in the treatment group was lower compared to that in the control group (Cox regression model, hazard ratio 0.129; 95% confidence interval 0.0280.583; p = 0.0079). There were no significant differences in the tumor growth rate over time in the perfused groups. Conclusion: A single exposure of the tumor micro-milieu in the model with isolated perfusion of the limb with Pliss' lymphosarcoma graft does not lead to any changes in the tumor growth kinetics, but is associated with a change in the animal survival.

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Background. Malignant melanoma is steadily exaggerating over the recent decades. Nonetheless, improved systemic therapies have substantially increased life expectancy in patients with a locally advanced or disseminated disease. Higherincidence recurrent melanocytic skin lesions become essentially problematic and require more attention and control.Aim. Cross-survey on the incidence of synchronous multiple primary melanomas in patients with solitary melanoma and those with other operable solid tumours.Materials and methods. A total of 289 patients with suspected malignant pigmented skin melanoma were included in the survey. Patients were divided in two cohorts by the presence of primary skin melanoma and its tractability for radical excision. Patients with operable melanoma comprised the study cohort, and those with other solid tumours were the control.Results and discussion. The survey covered 289 patients, with 148 in the study and 141 in the control cohort. The study148 patients revealed 112 malignant pigmented melanomas, but none in the control cohort. A chi-square statistical analysis of clinical values in single and multiple melanoma cases showed a slightly higher prevalence of first-visit melanomas in patients with synchronous tumours (30% pT4 — p = 0.007).Conclusion. The observed 10% rate of second melanoma in the study cohort and a zero melanoma incidence in the control support the alternative hypothesis of a higher rate of newly detected melanomas in primarily diagnosed melanoma patients vs. those with solid tumours.

The research involves the examination of modeling outcomes regarding the density structure and baroclinic dynamics of Antarctic shelf waters (ASW) within the shelf-slope area, encompassing a wide range of extreme weather conditions. We used a small-scale non-hydrostatic Fluidity-ICOM model to understand the formation and persistence of quasi-stationary polynyas in the Antarctic, which play a role in enhancing the formation of ASW. The salt fluxes, or buoyancy, are calculated for different forms of ice formation, namely static ice formation in young ice-covered polynyas and dynamic intra-water ice formation, which is considered the most effective and occurs in open water polynyas. Based on the intensification of ASW formation and its spread, three distinct modes of propagation along the continental slope have been identified: non-wave or subcritical mode, vortex mode, and wave or supercritical mode, which is characterized by rapid flow. The classification into different modes is determined by the internal Froude number (Fr) estimates. At the moment when the most developed stage of near-bottom density currents are transformed on a slope, the spatial dimensions of meanders, eddies, or frontal waves were found to be similar in magnitude, as well as their thickness. This observation aligns with model calculations of the local baroclinic Rossby deformation radius (RdL) for these currents. These findings agree with comparable assessments of the baroclinic Rossby deformation radius (RdL) for the Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) in the Commonwealth Sea, which were based on field observations. Additionally, the calculated propagation velocities of density currents and the density gradients at their boundaries coincide with the data obtained from field measurements. By estimating the volumetric fluxes (qv) and specific fluxes (ql) of ASW along the continental slope near the Cape Darnley coastal polynya area in the Commonwealth Sea, we can determine the contribution of ASW cascading to the formation of bottom waters under different flux regimes. The precision and accuracy of the qv and ql estimates are ensured through small-scale calculations using the non-hydrostatic Fluidity-ICOM model. These calculations consider the occurrences of intensified ASW formation in open water polynyas. Numerical experiments have revealed that a four-fold increase in a spatial step X results in an underestimation of qv by approximately 30%. As a consequence, in large-scale and even mesoscale hydrostatic models, such underestimation of qv and ql may be unsatisfactory (several times lower).