Изучена эффективность применения γ- и УФ-излучения для ингибирования микроорганизмов, детерминирующих микробиологическую порчу продуктов питания. В качестве объектов исследования выбраны плоды вишни и ягоды черной смородины, сохранность которых обусловлена начальной степенью обсемененности микроорганизмами, способствующими их порче в процессе хранения. В качестве физических методов применяли УФ-излучение с максимумом длины волны 254 нм и дозой 50 кДж/м2 и γ-излучение на установке мощностью 10 МэВ с интенсивностью облучения в диапазоне 1–3 кГр. После обработки продукцию хранили в холодильной (4–5°С) камере. Эффективность обработки определили подсчетом количества микрофлоры в экспериментальных образцах, подвергшихся воздействию различной длины волн в процессе хранения. Проведена сравнительная оценка эффективности снижения начальной обсемененности двумя способами обработки – γ- и УФ-излучением. Результаты исследований показали, что наиболее эффективной является обработка плодов вишни и ягод черной смородины γ-излучением с интенсивностью 2 и 3 кГр, менее эффективна обработка с интенсивностью 1 кГр. Обработка УФ-излучением на первоначальном этапе незначительно снизила начальную обсемененность образцов микроорганизмами, однако задержала дальнейший рост микроорганизмов в процессе хранения. Сделан вывод об эффективности применения γ- и УФ-излучения для ингибирования микроорганизмов с целью увеличения сроков годности плодов вишни и ягод черной смородины при хранении. The efficiency of using γ- and UV-radiation to suppress microorganisms that cause microbiological spoilage of food products has been studied. The cherry fruits and black currant berries were chosen as objects of research. The preservation of cherry fruits and black currant berries is determined by the initial degree of contamination by microorganisms that contribute to the fruit deterioration during the storage. UV-radiation with a wavelength maximum of 254 nm and a dose of 50 kJ/m2and γ-radiation at a 10 MeV facility with radiation intensity in the 1–3 kGy range were used as physical methods. Storage of processed products was carried out in a refrigerating chamber at a temperature 4–5°C. The efficiency of the treatment was determined by counting the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in the experimental samples exposed to γ- and UV-radiation treatment, counting the amount of microorganisms was carried out after treatment and during the storage of samples. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of reducing the initial contamination of fruit by two treatment methods (UV- and γ-radiation) was carried out. The results of the research showed that γ-radiation with intensity of 2 and 3 kGy turned out to be the most effective handling for cherry fruits and black currant berries, and processing with intensity of 1 kGy is less effective. Treatment with UV-radiation at the initial stage insignificantly reduced their initial contamination by microorganisms, however, this kind of treatment delayed the further growth of microorganisms during the storage. The conclusion is drawn on efficiency of application γ- and UV-radiation for inhibition of microorganisms for the purpose of increase in expiration dates of cherry fruits and black currant berries at storage.
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