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Introduction:The influence of mouth breathing on the development of the dentition and dento-facial deformities is a problem causes concerns among the medical specialists. Mouth breathing has a major impact on the development of the maxillo-facial region, occlusion and muscle tonus.Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between etiological factors, pathogenesis and disturbances in mastication in mouth breathing patients.Material and methods: For this article, data is obtained from 43 medical, literary sources.Results: Literature review demonstrated that mouth breathing habit affects mostly children aged 7 -12 years. In the vast majority of studies, the authors established a relation between mouth breathing and the development of maxillo-facial region and occlusion. The malocclusions described include a distal occlusion, anterior open bite, increase overjet, posterior crossbite, crowding and average incisors inclination disturbances. These clinical conditions become more complicated in the late-mixed and permanent dentition if mouth breathing continues to persist. Conclusion:The habitual mouth breathing is a great medical problem nowadays. An increasing numbers of patients with this condition although the development of technology for early diagnostic is embarrassing. This condition is strongly related with different malocclusions such as anterior open bite, overjet, distal occlusion, underdeveloped and narrow upper jaw, increased anterior facial height.

The preformed metal crowns (PMCs) are prefabricated constructions, used for restoring a severely broken teeth, affected by multisurfice carious lesions.The aim of the current study is to analyze and criticize the contemporary scientific conclusions related to indications, the usage methods, the advantages and disadvantages of the PMCs, used in the treatment protocol in pediatric dentistry.The subject of the analysis is 64 english language papers, published in the period from 1966 to 2017 y.The analysis shows that disadvantages of these restorations are related to the esthetics and previous preparation of the hard tooth tissues. The numerous advantages are related to the mechanical durability; the successful tightness concerning the non-operative sealing of caries and the prophylactic effect related to secondary caries lesion as well as the orthodontic jaw malformations, justify the usage of the PMCs in pediatric dentistry and also explain the need of scientific, clinical research in this domain.

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