No abstract

В данной статье рассмотрено понятие «манипулятивность» как концептуальный феномен, описаны существующие подходы в определении сущности данного понятия в научной литературе. Авторами статьи проведен анализ дефиниций манипуляции и манипулятивности дискурса, рассмотрены и разграничены смежные с данным явлением понятия, в частности, такие виды речевого воздействия, как убеждение, суггестия, пропаганда, речевая агрессия. В результате обзора научной литературы и анализа фактического материала составлена концептуальная схема манипулятивности дискурса массмедиа, в которой учтены как экстралингвистические, так и собственно лингвистические факторы. Также в статье описаны две методики измерения манипулятивности. В рамках разработки методики автоматического распознавания манипулятивного массмедийного дискурса ограничен концепт манипулятивности, в котором сделан аспект на языковую составляющую, способную выступить в качестве валидных метрик компьютерного диагностирования корпуса публикаций интернет-СМИ. В статье представлен набор языковых индикаторов, обладающих манипулятивным потенциалом, по которым были составлены словари и которые были алгоритмизированы для последующего машинного обучения.

This article considers the issues of mass media manipulation. Due to the enormous influence of mass media discourse on public consciousness and behavior, mass media are often used as a tool for informational and psychological impact on society and pose an information threat to it. In this regard, the relevance of studying the phenomenon of manipulativeness, as well as recognizing manipulative texts by machine processing on a large corpus of texts, is beyond doubt. At the same time, given the hidden nature of manipulation, it is rather difficult to determine such mechanisms and means of manipulation that can become valid metrics for diagnosing the level of manipulativeness of news. This article defines the concept of manipulativeness, and also considers some lexical markers from the entire complex of manipulative means that have a high manipulative potential. The research material consisted of 500 manipulative publications, selected by linguistic experts after careful reading and observation of the linguistic material.

This article provides a theoretical overview of existing research with particular focus on the types and models of media impact on the individual and society. The analysis of scientific literature has revealed that despite popularity and extensity of exploration of the issue in the scientific discourse some major inconsistencies are still observed. It should be noted that in most cases the studies are fragmentary, the influence of the media on various social groups is mostly considered from one specific position, and the lack of clearly developed criteria for the typology of media impact. Summarizing the accumulated knowledge in this area, we tried, despite the complexity of identifying and systematizing the classification of media impact, to present a complex typology of media influence on the individual and society.

The problem of recognition of the manipulative text in the news on the example of Kazakhstani media is posed. One of the most important tasks of text research in the context of manipulativeness is to find something that, although it has a linguistic representation, is obviously pragmatically “obscured”, hidden from the addressee. It is emphasized that in such cases, the danger of manipulation increases at times, since it is addressed both to large social groups and to society as a whole. The relevance of the work is that the destructive nature of manipulation can lead to large-scale social upheaval. The study is based on the hypothesis of a uniform structure of the manipulative text in the context of big data research for further machine processing. Based on the formed working definition of manipulability, an algorithm for analyzing media texts has been developed, which includes a complex of speech and language indicators. The work was carried out on a corpus of 1,000 media texts, selected from 10,000 fragments of manipulative discourses. Both unambiguous and mixed components are distinguished, that is, linguistic units capable of performing dual functions due to their semantic polysemy. A 4-component universal structure of manipulative texts is compiled, including language parameters extracted from manipulative texts.