доктор технических наук, доцент А. Д. Платонов 1 старший преподаватель, М. А. Михеевская 2 кандидат биологических наук, доцент С. Н. Снегирева 1 кандидат технических наук, доцент Т. К. Курьянова 1 кандидат биологических наук, доцент А. В. Киселева 1 директор УОЛ, А.Н. Топчеев 3 Деревопереработка.

The element of the upper structure of the railway track are sleepers, which are made mainly of wood. Wooden sleepers from natural wood have a number of disadvantages. Reduce the disadvantages of sleepers made of natural wood is possible if their manufacture to use modified wood myag-kih hardwood, which by pressing will exceed the strength of the sleepers made of natural Dre-spring and its physical and mechanical characteristics is not inferior to the sleepers made of natural coniferous wood. However, one of the disadvantages of modified wood is its ability to change the size and shape with increasing humidity. Therefore, there is a need to create a new high-tech re-surdobarokamere the production of railway sleepers of the modified wood with improved ex-operational characteristics (durability, bio-logical stability, dimensional stability, wear resistance), exceeding the existing production. To increase the service life of wooden sleepers, increase their biostability and dimensional stability, raw materials for the production of sleepers must be impregnated with the composition of antiseptic and stabilizer, i.e. to conduct thermomechanical modification of wood. As raw materials it is possible to use wood of soft deciduous breeds of a birch and an aspen. Depending on the degree of pressing the sleepers of these species will exceed the strength of the sleepers of pine wood. But at the same time all properties of wood remain (damper, dielectric and others). Development of wood modification technology is possible on the basis of analysis of physical phenomena underlying technological operations. With this purpose, the theoretically calculated curves of heating of the billet in the section of the oily liquid, made on the basis of similarity criteria and on the basis of the physical phenomena of heat and mass transfer calculated duration of drying preparations. Accepted methods of impregnation, loading and relieving of the pressure during compaction

No abstract

УДК 630.812:630.43 ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ШПАЛ С ЗАДАННЫМИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМИ КАЧЕСТВА ИЗ ПРЕССОВАННОЙ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ БЕРЕЗЫ доктор технических наук, доцент А. Д. Платонов 1 М. А. Михеевская 2 кандидат технических наук, доцент Т. К. Курьянова 1 кандидат биологических наук, доцент С. Н. Снегирева 1 доктор технических наук, профессор А. О. Сафонов 1 доктор технических наук, профессор Н. В. Мозговой 3 1-ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет имени Г.Ф. Морозова», г. Воронеж, Российская Федерация 2-ФГБОУ ВО «Ухтинский государственный технический университет», г. Ухта, Российская Федерация 3-ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный технический университет», г. Воронеж, Российская Федерация Основным недостатком деревянных шпал является малый срок службы по сравнению со шпалами, изготовленными из других материалов. Большое влияние на срок службы и качество деревянных шпал оказывают порода древесины и качество пропитки антисептическими составами. Наибольшее распространение при производстве шпал получила древесина сосны. В настоящее время запасы данной древесной породы в европейской части РФ сильно истощены и на рынке присутствует нехватка сырья, удовлетворяющего требованиям стандартов, предъявляемым к лесоматериа

Sleepers are elements of the upper structure of the railway track. When choosing a material for the manufacture of sleepers, we are based on such basic factors as cost for the whole life cycle and performance characteristics. In connection with the depletion of wood stocks in the world and the short life of wooden sleepers, the process of using sleepers made of reinforced concrete, metal and plastic goes intensively. The service life of pine sleepers is no more than 12-15 years, reinforced concrete sleepers are about 30-50 years old, plastic ones are up to 40 years old, and metal ones are 50-60 years old. However, wooden sleepers differ in the least cost, they practically do not have restrictions on the laying areas, and in some cases have a clear advantage over other materials. Reinforced concrete, metal and plastic sleepers are more expensive than wooden ones, have a longer payback period and are recommended to be laid on roads with high freight intensity, where they can pay off as quickly as possible. It is possible to reduce the shortcomings of sleepers made of natural wood, using modified hardwood for their manufacture, which, by pressing, will be stronger than the sleepers made of natural wood, which, in its physical and mechanical properties, is not inferior to sleepers made of natural coniferous wood. However, a certain disadvantage of the modified wood is its ability to change size and shape with increasing humidity. Stabilization of sizes and forms of modified wood can be increased by impregnating it with the composition of antiseptic with stabilizer. The predicted service life of sleepers from modified wood can be significantly higher than that of wooden sleepers made of natural coniferous wood.