Казанский медицинский журнал, 2017 г., том 98, №4Адрес для переписки: gedier@mail.ru С конца ХХ века в мире начался процесс закрепления открытости и обеспечения инфор-мационной доступности для граждан государ-ственных органов и корпораций. Этот процесс коснулся и сферы здравоохранения, сделав нормой публичные отчёты медицинских орга-низаций. Здравоохранение представляет собой рынок доверительных благ, в котором инфор-мацией владеют производители услуг, а потре-бители знают о них меньше, поэтому информа-ционная открытость, как считают специалисты, даёт людям новые возможности влияния на Поступила 27.02.2017; принята в печать 20.04.2017. Р е ф е р а т DOI: 10.17750/KMJ2017-613 Цель. Зафиксировать диапазон оценок и выявить спектр проблем, связанных с информационной доступнос-тью медицинских услуг и дистанционной записи на приём среди населения и экспертов.Методы. Методы включали полуструктурированные интервью и фокус-группы с населением и эксперта-ми. Было проведено 17 индивидуальных и групповых интервью с экспертами в Республике Татарстан и 12 в Рес-публике Марий Эл (всего 59 человек); 28 индивидуальных интервью и фокус-групп с населением в Татарстане и 13 в Республике Марий Эл (всего 131 человек).Результаты. Новые информационные технологии при безусловном позитивном влиянии на открытость и доступность здравоохранения имеют ряд серьёзных проблем при реализации, связанных с факторами орга-низационного, инфраструктурного, экономического, социокультурного и психологического порядка: (1) недо-статочное информирование населения о программе государственных гарантий медицинского обслуживания; (2) недоступность поддержки интернет-сайта для ряда лечебно-профилактических учреждений; (3) возрастное неравенство как в отношении доступа к информации об услугах, так и в плане записи на приём.Вывод. Необходима целенаправленная политика по выравниванию информационной доступности для раз-личных групп населения, а также создание единых условий для развития и поддержания информационной среды в лечебно-профилактических учреждениях.Ключевые слова: доступность здравоохранения, медицинские услуги, информированность пациентов, со-циальная справедливость, информационные услуги. ThE accEssIBIlITy Of InfOrMaTIOn aBOuT MEDIcal sErvIcEs In ThE cOnTEXT Of ThE sOcIal JusTIcE Of hEalTh carEZh.V. To reveal the spectrum of opinions and issues regarding accessibility of information about medical services and on-line booking of doctor's appointments among population and experts.Methods. The methods included semi-structured interviews and focus groups with population and experts. Total of 17 individual and group interviews with experts were conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan and 12 in the Republic of Mari-El (n=59 people); 28 individual interviews and focus groups with the population were conducted in Tatarstan and 13 in Mari-El (n=113 people).results. New informational technologies with a positive impact on openness and accessibility of health care system have nevertheless some serious issues in realization connected with organizational, infrast...
Aim.Identification of awareness in doctors of different specialties (pediatricians, child psychiatrists, neurologists) on a wide range of issues of diagnosis, etiology, therapy of children with ASD. Methods.There was a survey conducted on the authors questionnaire. It was answered by 400doctors working in the large, medium, and small cities and towns in 35subjects of the Russian Federation, representing all Federal districts. In the sample there were pediatricians (53%), psychiatrists (24.2%), neurologists (14.7%), 8.2% did not specify a specialty. 89.2% of respondents are women and 10.2% are men. Results.70% of doctors believe that the number of children with ASD has increased dramatically in recent years. A fifth of respondents found it difficult to answer, 10% said that the number remained the same. The distribution of responses to the question by the profile of specialists indicates the relationship of variables. Neuropathologists and psychiatrists more often chose the answer option increased sharply (2=32.528, p0.01). The distribution of different specialists opinions on the factors that cause changes in the number of children with ASD in society did not have statistically significant differences. About 40% of pediatricians, neurologists, psychiatrists, and other doctors chose the factors improvement of quality in diagnostic procedures and increasing availability of medical care; about a third noted reducing child mortality and, as a result, increasing diversity, about a quarter chose an environmental impact, changing the rules of medical statistics. It is alarming that when asked about the impact of vaccinations on the occurrence of autism, only 46.9% indicated that this is a myth, about 2.8% indicated that autism is a reaction to vaccination, the majority of respondents (50.3%) chose the option that there is not enough data in medicine to confirm or disprove this position. Conclusions.The results of the study allow us to conclude that it is necessary to increase the awareness of doctors about the current state of research on the problem of ASD. Educational programs are needed taking into account not only medical data but also approaches developed in the social Sciences.
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