Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children 0–14 years old. Current risk-adapted treatment programs are based on stratification of patient into three risk groups. 40–50% of patients are stratified into the high-risk group. The prognosis in high-risk patients remains poor (the probability of long-term survival is less than 50%), despite the use of aggressive multimodal therapy, including high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In most cases tumor cells in neuroblastoma express disialoganglioside GD2, which is a possible target for immunotherapy. Over the past 30 years, GD2-directed chimeric monoclonal antibodies ch14.18 have been introduced into clinical practice. A number of clinical studies have shown an improvement in the prognosis in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, when using monoclonal antibodies ch14.18, primarily due to the eradication of the minimal residual population of tumor cells resistant to standard chemotherapy. This literature review summarizes the international experience in the use of monoclonal antibodies ch14.18 from early phases of clinical trials to large randomized trials, which allowed immunotherapy to be considered as an important component of multimodal therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma. Future prospects for the use and place of immunotherapy in first-line therapy of high-risk neuroblastoma and in relapsed setting are considered.

In recent decades, there has been marked progress in understanding the biology of the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood – neuroblastoma (NB), which led to a significant improvement in treatment outcomes due to stratification of patients into risk groups, intensification of treatment of patients with metastatic disease and the presence of unfavorable molecular genetic markers. Survivors who have received multimodal therapies, including chemotherapy, high-dose therapy and autologous peripheral stem-cell transplantation, 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) therapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy have a high risk of developing long-term side effects of treatment (LT SE). The study of the nature and frequency of LT SE after completion of therapy in patients with NB is important to ensure the quality of life and minimize severe health disorders. This article presents a literature review and description of a clinical case report of primary hypothyroidism in a high-risk patient with NB who received multicomponent treatment, including 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy due to the persistence of MIBG-positive foci after the induction chemotherapy.

Аннотация. Бесплодие -это проблема актуальная во всех странах мира. Средние показатели частоты бесплодия в большинстве стран 12-16%. По статистике из 150-160 тысяч браков, каждый год около 20 тысяч супружеских пар имеют проблемы с деторождением. В данной статье мы изучили основные причинные факторы бесплодия, которые являются одной из проблем в репродуктивном здоровье. Как выяснилось, одной из распространенных причин бесплодия у женщин, является трубно -перитонеальное бесплодие. Маточные трубы имеют важное значение в процессе оплодотворения. Так, яйцеклетка после выхода из яичника (процесс оплодотворения) оказывается в окружении фибрий и попадает в просвет маточной трубы. После она встречается со сперматозоидом, возникает зачатие. Впоследствии оплодотворенная яйцеклетка (зигота) посредством сократительных движений маточной трубы и дрожании ворсинок слизистой оболочки с током слизи проходит в сторону полости матки, где затем происходит внедрение оплодотворенной яйцеклетки в слизистую оболочку матки. Если проходимость маточных труб нарушена, то процесс зачатия становится маловероятным. Именно поэтому исследование диагностики проходимости труб и оценка их состояния является основным принципом хорошей медицинской практики, а также определяет выбор соответствующего лечения. Целью данной статьи является изучение анамнеза заболевания, тактика ведения пациенток с трубно -перитонеальным бесплодием в Республиканской Клинической Больнице №5 Республики Мордовия. Методика исследования. Проанализировать истории болезни 30 пациенток, которые находились на лечении в гинекологическом отделении Республиканской Клинической Больнице №5 Республики Мордовия. Ключевые слова: трубно-перитонеальное бесплодие (ТПБ), диагностика, хирургическое лечение.Annotation. Infertility is an urgent problem in all countries of the world. The average rates of infertility in most countries are 12-16%. According to statistics from 150-160 thousand marriages, every year about 20 thousand couples have problems with childbearing. In this article, we studied the main causative factors of infertility, which are one of the problems in reproductive health. As it turned out, one of the most common causes of infertility in women is tubal peritoneal infertility. Fallopian tubes are important in the process of fertilization. So, the egg after exiting from the ovary (the process of fertilization) is surrounded by fibrils and enters the lumen of the uterine tube. After she meets with a sperm, conception occurs. Subsequently, the fertilized ovum (zygote) through contractile movements of the fallopian tube and the shaking of the villi of the mucous membrane with the mucus current passes towards the uterine cavity, where the fertilized egg is subsequently introduced into the uterine mucosa. If the patency of the fallopian tubes is disturbed, the conception process becomes unlikely. That is why the diagnosis of patency of pipes and evaluation of their condition is the main principle of good medical practice, and also

No abstract