Vestnik VGMU. 2016;15(2):44-51. Резюме.Цель исследования -установить закономерности строения артериального круга большого мозга (виллизи-ева круга) человека, способствующие возникновению нарушений мозгового кровообращения. Материал и методы. Макро-микроскопически, гистологически, гистохимически, иммуногистохимически и морфометрически изучен виллизиев круг у 467 людей, причина смерти которых не связана с нарушением мозгового кровообращения, и методом компьютерной томографии у 100 людей, имеющих данную пато-логию. Результаты. Варианты виллизиева круга, такие как вариант с сочетанием нескольких неклассических ва-риаций артерий в пределах круга, аплазия обеих (одной) задних соединительных артерий, задняя трифур-кация внутренней сонной артерии обнаруживаются у людей с цереброваскулярной патологией наиболее часто (на 8-21%), что позволяет отнести их к факторам риска. Заключение. Образование и рост интимальных утолщений в местах разветвления сосудов виллизиева кру-га, а также постепенное истончение средней оболочки под ними являются проявлением атерогенеза и могут приводить к нарушениям мозгового кровообращения. Ключевые слова: головной мозг, виллизиев круг, артерии, нарушения мозгового кровообращения. Abstract.Objectives. Тo determine the morphological patterns of the arterial circle of the human cerebrum (circle of Willis), contributing to the development of cerebral circulation disorders. Material and methods. Macroscopically, histologically, histochemically, immunohistochemically and morphometrically the circle of Willis in 467 dead humans, whose cause of death is not associated with cerebral circulation disturbances as well as the data of computerized tomography in 100 people with this pathology have been studied. Results. Variations of Willis circle, such as the combined type of several non-classic variations of arteries within the circle, aplasia of both (or one) posterior communicating arteries, posterior trifurcation of the interior carotid artery have been found in people with cerebrovascular disease most often (by 8-21%), which allows us to include them into the risk factors. Conclusion. The formation and growth of intimal thickening in the places of vascular branching of the circle of Willis, and the gradual thinning of the tunica media under them is a manifestation of atherogenesis and can lead to the disorders of cerebral circulation.

The aimof the study is to define of variants of the Willi’s circle and also structural features of the vessel walls at the site of aneurysm location in people who died from aneurysms in the dead from their rupture to identify risk groups for cerebrovascular disease.Material and methods.The structure of cerebral vessels of 8 people at the age from 17 to 69 of both sexes who died from subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal genesis was examined due to macro-microscopical and clinical methods. Histology slides of cerebral arterial walls of aneurysm area were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Mallory’s technique and then were examined.Results. Variants of the Willi’s circle and morphological features of vessel walls located in aneurysm formation area in people who died from aneurysm rupture are shown in the articleConclusion. Not classic variants of Willi’s circle, fibromuscular dysplasia of the medial type and atherosclerotic changes of vessel walls contributes to aneurysm occurrence in cerebral vessels.

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As a result of research variations of a structure, topography and morphometrical parameters of the vessels of anterior parts of circle of Willis of brain are revealed depending on the constitution of skull and sex. By all types of constitution of skull the classical variant of structure of the anterior parts of circle of Willis of brain discovered in 75-87% events; in 13-25% events - its variants, which characterize in large various of anatomy and morphometrical parameters. In women the diameter of the anterior artery of the brain is larger then in men on 22,6% events. Different variants of structure of the anterior artery of brain are discovered in brachiocephals most often. Мorphometrical parameters of the anterior artery of brain in brachiocephals are larger then mesocephals and dolichocephals

Determinar las particularidades histológicas y morfo-métricas de la estructura de los vasos del círculo grande del cérebro (polígono de Willis) en el lugar de su bifurcación en personas de diferentes edades. Los vasos del polígono de Willis han sido investigados en 48 muestras de cerebro, sacados de los cadáveres humanos (0-65 años) y divididos en grupos de acuerdo a la edad según la clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, usando los métodos microscópicos y morfométricos. El factor hemodinámico, que lleva al deterioro del endotelio de los vasos en el lugar de la bifurcación de los vasos del polígono de Willis, sirve de mecanismo inicial en el surgimiento de los engrosamientos de la íntima, que luego se transforman en las placas ateroscleróticas, lo que se nota en las personas de 34 y 35 años de edad. The aim of this investigation was to determine the histological and morphometric particularities of the brain greater circle (Willis’ circle) vessels structure in their bifurcation area in human beings at various age periods. The Willis’ circle vessels were studied microscopically and morphometrically in 48 samples of human brains taken from the corpses of subjects aged 0 to 65 years divided into age groups according the World Health Organization classification. The hemo-dynamic factor leading to the vascular endothelium damage in the bifurcation area of the Willis’ circle vessels was determined to be the trigger mechanism for intimal thickenings formation transforming to atherosclerotic plaques in future, being more evident in subjects aged 34-35 years.