One of the most dangerous man-made mineral formations located in the territory of Kazakhstan is disposal areas for granulated phosphorus slag, since its shells contain initially the dangerous gases such as PH3, H2S, HF, etc. Permanent sources of such gases are also Ca3P2 (intrinsically poisonous gas), CaS and CaF2. In the structures of phosphorous ash disposal areas, the chemical and physical-chemical processes contain initially gases, which may be in different modifications. For example: • Phosphene (PH3) in the form: PH3→P2O5→HPO3→H3PO4; • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): H2S→H2SO3→ H2SO4; • Hydrogen fluoride and silicon tetrafluoride: HF→SiF4→H2SiF6→H2SiO3; • Carbon oxide (СО): СО→СО2→СОСl2. Such chemical processes intensify greatly the anthropogenic effect of phosphorous ash disposal areas on the environment – biogeocoenosis. In addition to the processes related to gas components, in the phosphorous ash disposal areas, the hydration processes occur as a result of interaction of slag with water. Thereat, sub-microcrystalline CSH(I) and calcium are generated. Depth of slag hydration reaches 1…3 μm. Such processes form a thin layer on the surface of slag particles resulting in linking of separate grains into a whole. Therefore, the surface of phosphorous ash disposal areas has the certain strength with cracks, through which water, air, snow, etc. are penetrating into the disposal area. It is evident that granulated phosphorus slag in the form of disposal areas has very adverse impact on the biogeocoenosis, causing the pressing need for their disposal; moreover, such slags are valuable raw material for the construction industry and agriculture only after their decontamination from dangerous gases. Keywords. Granular phosphorus slag, dumps, hazardous gases, chemical reactions.

The article presents the outcomes of analysis and synthesis of Russian and Kazakh researches on the issue of the use of industrial waste industry for the production of composite slag base binders and concretes. Utilization, liquidation of industrial wastes and their use in the production of composite alkali-activated slag are the issues of global and national importance. Therefore, industrial and developed countries pay great attention to this issue. The influence of the production wastes of the enrichment of polymetallic ores – carbonate-barium tailings on the performance properties (strength, water absorption, density, etc.) of composite alkali-activated slag and concretes is studied. The ways of introducing modifying additives “waste of carbonate-barium tailings” into the composition of alkali-activated slag and concretes are investigated. The optimal amount of introduction the waste of carbonate-barium tailings into the composition of alkali-activated slag of modifying additives is determined. It is 10% of the binder mass and an indicator of effectiveness in influencing the activity of concrete, depending on the type of alkaline component and the hardening conditions. The methods of testing the experimental work to determine the operational properties of alkali-activated slag and concretes based on them are presented.

Проведены исследования физико-химических процессов структурообразования композиционных цементов с добавкой отходов обогащения полиметаллических руд современными методами. Были определены минералогический состав, химический состав с использованием рентгенофазового, микроскопического, дифференциально-термического методов анализа. Это позволило установить, что содержание карбонатов в отходах обогащения полиметаллических руд до 30% не понизило прочности образцов. Investigations of the physicochemical processes of structure formation of composite cements with the addition of wastes of concentration of polymetallic ores by modern methods have been carried out. The mineralogical composition, chemical composition were determined using X-ray phase, microscopic, differential thermal methods of analysis. This made it possible to establish that the carbonate content in the wastes of enrichment of polymetallic ores up to 30% did not reduce the strength of the samples.

Разработка смешанных вяжущих, комплексных порообразователей и технологии производства неавтоклавных ячеистых бетонов на их основе является актуальным в плане поиска путей повышения эксплуатационных свойств и технологичности производства указанного материала. Целью данной работы является разработка составов сухой строительной смеси для неавтоклавных ячеистых бетонов. The development of mixed binders, complex poro-educators and technologies for the production of nonautoclaved cellular concretes based on them is relevant in terms of finding ways to improve the operational properties and manufacturability of the production of this material. The purpose of this work is to develop dry mix compositions for non-autoclaved cellular concrete.

В работе представлены возможные пути образования строительных отходов и способы их рационального использования. Приведенный анализ литературных данных подтвердил, что в настоящее время строительные отходы во всем мире всесторонне изучаются и разрабатываются новые эффективные технологии на их основе. Неоднократное их использование способствует созданию безотходных или малоотходных технологий в городской строительной системе, что, в свою очередь, содействует решению социальной, экономической и экологической проблем. The paper presents the ways of waste generation and ways of their rational use. The above analysis of the literature data confirmed that at present, new effective technologies based on them are being comprehensively studied and developed. Their repeated use contributes to the creation of waste-free or low-waste technologies in the urban construction system, which, in turn, is the used system for solving social, economic and environmental problems.