Нацiональний медичний унiверситет iм. О. О. Богомольця, м. Київ alt-natalia@yandex.ua Захворюванiсть цукровим дiабетом (ЦД) 2 типу невпинно зростає, збiльшуючись удвi-чi кожнi десять рокiв [1]. Ризик розвитку iшемiчної хвороби серця (IХС) при ЦД 2 ти-пу вищий у 2-3 рази у хворих чоловiчої статi та в 3-7 разiв у жiнок [2]. Саме цi пацiєнти мають у 2-4 рази вищий ризик померти вiд IХС, нiж недiабетичнi хворi [3].Атеросклероз, що є морфологiчною осно-вою коронарної патологiї, розвивається у хворих на ЦД 2 типу на 10-15 рокiв ранiше, нiж у загальнiй популяцiї, швидко прогресує та частiше призводить до ускла-днень [4,5]. Саме серед цих хворих ризик розвитку iнфаркту мiокарда (IМ) в 3-5 ра-зiв, залежно вiд статi, вищий, нiж у пацiєн-тiв без ЦД [6]. Смертнiсть протягом першого року пiсля перенесеного IМ у хворих на ЦД 2 типу складає 15-34 %, сягаючи 45 % у на-ступнi 5 рокiв, що удвiчi вище, нiж у загаль-нiй популяцiї. Незважаючи на значнi дося-гнення в лiкуваннi IХС та її наслiдкiв, хворi з ЦД 2 типу залишаються найбiльш вразли-вою групою, оскiльки зменшення смертностi серед них незначне [7].Такi невтiшнi прогнози щодо пацiєнтiв iз ЦД 2 типу пов'язують насамперед iз при-скореним розвитком атеросклерозу великих субепiкардiальних судин та його швидким прогресуванням [3]. Результати проведених дослiджень показали, що при ЦД атеро-склеротичнi бляшки мiстять бiльше жиру, в бiльшому ступенi запальнозмiненi i де-монструють вищий ризик тромбоутворення, нiж у осiб без ЦД [8]. Одним iз вагомих факторiв розвитку та прогресування атеро-склерозу у цих хворих є атерогенна дислiпi-демiя, яка часто передує виникненню ЦД на декiлька рокiв [9].Метою даного дослiдження було вивчен-ня змiн показникiв лiпiдного спектру кровi, включаючи аполiпопротеїни Апо А-1, Апо B та лiпопротеїн (а), у постiнфарктних хворих iз наявнiстю цукрового дiабету 2 типу. * Роботу виконано на кафедрi внутрiшньої медицини № 4 Нацiонального медичного унiверситету iм. О. О. Богомольця в межах НДР Порушення вуглеводного, бiлкового та лiпiдного обмiну у хворих на iшемiчну хворобу серця та артерiальну гiпертензiю, можливостi медикаментозної корекцiї (державний реєстрацiйний № 01134004672).Установою, що фiнансує роботу, є МОЗ України. Частково дослiдження виконано за власнi кошти автора статтi.Автор гарантує вiдповiдальнiсть за все, що опублiковано в статтi. Автор гарантує вiдсутнiсть конфлiкту iнтересiв та власної фiнансової зацiкавленостi при виконаннi роботи та написаннi статтi.Рукопис надiйшов до редакцiї 15.12.2014.Проблеми ендокринної патологiї № 1, 20157 http://dx
Patients with combined coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus make up a growing segment of the population and require a com¬prehensive treatment approach. Patients with concurrent diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease have a worse projection. Under these conditions, the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction, early disability due to complications, and the risk of coronary death are increased. Therefore, the priority task is to find ways to optimize drug treatment of this category of patients, taking into account the impact of drugs on the pathogenetic links of coronary heart disease progression and the development of cardiovascular complications. One hundred twelve people were examined in the research. The patients had type 2 diabetes with a history of non-Q-myocardial infarction receiving oral antidiabetic therapy and basic therapy, including an ACE inhibitor, a β-blocker, a statin, and an antiplatelet agent. Analysis of the investigated parameters in the leading group after receiving alpha-lipoic acid for 4 months showed a significant decrease in the concentration of C-Reactive Protein, IL-6 and TNF-α. According to the results of our research, taking alpha-lipoic acid for 4 months in patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent non-Q-myocardial infarction reduced the activity of systemic inflammation and did not significantly affect the content of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in patients. In light of the above, it is of interest to administer alpha-lipoic acid to these patients, considering the positive effects of the agent such as antioxidant properties, vasorelaxation, positive metabolic profile, as well as an anti-inflammatory potential.
Relevance. In diabetes mellitus (DM), atherosclerotic plaques contain more fat, are more inflammatory, and show a higher risk of thrombus formation than in individuals without diabetes. One of the significant factors in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in these patients is atherogenic dyslipidemia, which includes a wide range of disorders and often precedes the onset of diabetes for several years. Therefore, it is relevant to study the features of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes after myocardial infarction (MI). Objective: to study changes in blood lipid spectrum parameters, including Apolipoproteins (Apo A-1, Apo B) and lipoprotein (a), in postinfarction patients with type 2 DM. Materials and methods. 119 patients (77 men and 42 women; mean age 61.09 ± 0.92 years) were examined, of which 42 were patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who suffered from MI and type 2 diabetes (main group), 39 patients with a history of MI without concomitant diabetes (comparison group I) and 38 patients with type 2 diabetes without MI (comparison group II). The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals, comparable in age and sex. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were determined in venous serum by enzymatic colorimetric method. According to the formulas, the level of cholesterol in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLC) was calculated; cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein (LDLC), coefficient of atherogenicity (CA). The level of lipoprotein (a) – LP (a), Apo A-1, and Apo B were determined by immunoturbidimetry. Blood sampling in patients was performed on an empty stomach. Results. In the main group, significantly higher rates of TC, TG, LDLC, VLDLC, AF, Apo B, and the ratio of Apo B/Apo A-1, compared with non-diabetic postinfarction patients. At the same time, there was a significantly lower concentration of HDLC, Apo A-1, and LP (a) – in patients with a history of diabetes mellitus. When comparing the indicators of patients in the main group with patients with isolated type 2 diabetes, there were significantly higher levels of LDL cholesterol and CA, as well as significantly lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apo A-1 in patients of the main group. The analysis of lipid metabolism in the comparison groups revealed a difference in the level of TG, LDL cholesterol, and Apo B, which have higher levels in patients with isolated type 2 diabetes, and the level of LP (a) – significantly higher in postinfarction patients, in contrast to diabetics. The results indicate deeper disorders of lipid metabolism in post-infarction patients with diabetes than in non-diabetic post-infarction patients, which may be due to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia. Conclusions. Dyslipoproteinemia in postinfarction patients with type 2 diabetes is characterized by a decrease in the content of antiatherogenic HDL cholesterol and its protein Apo A-1, moderate hypertriglyceridemia, increased levels of LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and Apo B, which causes higher values of cholesterol and increases AF. Elevations in lipid profile parameters such as TG, LDL cholesterol, and Apo B are more associated with diabetes, while higher concentrations of LP (a) are characteristic of postinfarction non-diabetic patients.
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