The soil is the result of the interaction of a complex of soil-forming factors. In the process of agricultural use, anthropogenic impacts on the soil lead to its significant properties, increase the degradation of its potential and effective fertility, which affects the growth of dehumification, overconsolidation, decalcification and loss of structure. In addition, the agrogenic impact is augmented by climatic conditions and the specifics of the geomorphological structure of the territory. The high degree of plowing of the territory of the Kursk region and the differentiated relief have led to the development of intense erosion processes, which lead to a decrease in the productivity of agricultural landscapes. It is necessary to study in detail the regional specificity of the ecological state of the soil cover under the conditions of different geomorphological elements in order to distinguish between the natural degradation of slope soils and their agrogenic transformation.

The article demonstrates the advisability of substituting high-grade wheat flour in the formulation of a sponge cake semi-finished mix with the mix of oat, corn and gram flour. An oat, corn and gram flour mix contains much more protein than wheat flour. This mix contains a significant amount of globulin, which suggests an evident foaming capacity of protein systems and is a positive factor in the technology of making sponge cakes. When substituting wheat flour with the suggested mix completely, the nutritional value of finished products improves. The share of dietary fiber increases significantly; the calorie content of products decreases. Absence of gluten makes this mix a strategically important raw material for gluten-free products. It is recommended to use this recipe, since with a complete substitution of wheat flour, there is an improvement in organoleptic, physicochemical indicators of the quality of sponge cake batter and finished products. The use of oat, corn and gram flour leads to an extension of the shelf life of sponge cake semi-finished products and helps to reduce the energy value and increase the vitamin and mineral ones of finished products. The introduction of the mix of flour into the sponge cake batter recipe does not worsen the quality of sponge cakes during storage. The developed formulation can be adapted to the technological process and equipment installed at existing confectionery enterprises and does not require additional costs.

The article presents studies on the influence of weather conditions on the yield and quality of winter wheat food grain in Central Chernozem Region of Russia. At the same time, weather risks were identified and analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. To reduce them to a minimum, a set of measures is needed, one of which is the selection of modern varieties that are more adapted to a specific place of growth. The soft wheat variety Synthetic is shown as an example that weather conditions affect not only the yield of winter wheat, but also the quality of the crop grain. The level of yield was more influenced by precipitation than by air temperature. The thousand-kernel weight was closely and positively correlated with the air temperature; a negative correlation was found between the air temperature and the content of raw gluten in the grain.

The increase in the production and application of organic and mineral fertilizers, the cultivation of crops using intensive technology require the balance of the elements of productivity at the highest level. One of the leading places among them is occupied by plant nutrition. The intensive technology is characterized not only by a high level of fertilization, but also by the exact adherence to the rates, timing and methods of application. The ultimate goal of the intensive technology is not only to increase yields and improve the quality of winter wheat grain, but also to maintain or increase soil fertility. It was found that fertilizers improved the quality of wheat grain in all years of the study. Fractional application of nitrogen led to an increase in the content of protein and gluten in the grain in all the studied links of crop rotations. In increasing the yield of agricultural crops and the quality of grain, the development of scientifically substantiated crop rotations with correct alternation of crops in them in relation to specific soil and climatic conditions is by no means unimportant. Crop rotations also influence the elements of soil fertility. Changes in the structure of sown areas should be carried out taking into account the need to increase the area under high-yielding crops, both grain and row crops.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ДЕЙСТВИЯ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТА МОЛИБДЕНА НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В СТРУКТУРЕ СЕВООБОРОТАДОЛГОПОЛОВА Н.В., доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБНУ «Курский ФАНЦ».Реферат. Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме совершенствованию приемов применения удобрений по разным предшественникам в системе севооборотов и это одно из основных условий повышения урожайности и улучшения качества получаемого зерна. В комплексе мероприятий, направленных на получение высокого урожая зерна пшеницы хорошего качества, большое значение имеют минеральные удобрения, в частности, подкормка во время вегетации растений. В последнее время все больше внимания уделяется как всей системе севооборотов так и выяснению эффективности внесения микроудобрений на посевах зерновых по различнам предшественникам и полученным результатом. Фенологические наблюдения за ростом и развитием зерновых в течение вегетационного периода показали, что подкормки озимой пшеницы микроудобрением не оказали влияния на сроки прохождения фенофаз. Минеральные удобрения в процессе исследования оказали влияние не только на урожайность, но и на его качество. Изысканию резервов повышения урожайности зерновых -существенная задача агрономической науки и сельскохозяйственной практики. Поставленные цели в выяснении как в зоне серых лесных почв озимая пшеница реагирует на дополнительное внесение необходимых удобрений. Необходимость микроэлементов для нормальной жизнедеятельности зерновых растений доказана многими исследователями. Одним из эффективных приемов применения микроудобрений под зерновые культуры является предпосевная обработка семян. Установлено, что на темносерых лесных почвах применение микроудобрений достаточно эффективно под озимую пшеницу. В данной статье ставится вопрос выяснить влияние предпосевного опудривания семян микроудобрениями на некоторые биохимические процессы озимой пшеницы. Анализ литературных источников и проведение исследований показывают, что вопрос внесения удобрений в разные сроки вегетации озимой пшеницы рассматривается главным образом в плане агрохимических и экономических изучений.Ключевые слова: озимая пшеница, предшественники, темно-серые лесные почвы, удобрения, молибден, урожайность.