According to the WHO data, tuberculosis still represents a serious public health problem worldwide. Deterioration of socioeconomic conditions in the population complicates epidemic situation for tuberculosis in Russia, thus leading to increase in acute progressive and complicated forms of tuberculosis in children and, consequently, to worsening structure of its clinical forms. Objectives: to determine associations between certain HLA-DRB1 alleles and risk of tuberculosis development in children. We examined 188 children aged from 3 to 14 years with various manifestations of tuberculous infection. Along with thorough examination of the patients, including multi-spiral CT scans of chest, we undertook genotyping of HLA-DRB1 alleles. Activity of tuberculous infection was determined by a set of immunological tests, i.e., tuberculin skin test, DIASKINTEST ® (recombinant allergen of tuberculosis-DIASKINTEST ®). X ray diagnostics was performed with multi-spiral «Aquilion-32» computed tomograph (Toshiba), according to standard procedures. Molecular genetic typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP), using standard commercial kits PROTRANS Ceclerplate System Protrans HLA-DRB1*. The children were divided into two groups: I group, 90 healthy children, II group, 98 children with tuberculosis. A comparisons group consisted of healthy donors (n = 346). Statistical processing of genetic material included evauation and analysis of the following parameters: frequency distribution of the antigen (F), χ 2 criterion for significance (chi-square), the relative risk ratio (RR), etiologic fraction (EF), preventive fraction (PF). Children of the II group had significantly higher *04 allele HLA-DRB1*, as compared with control group (36.7% vs. 21.1%, χ 2 = 10.08; р < 0.01). This finding may suppose a predisposal of these allele carriers to development of tuberculosis. At the same time, the rates of *07 (14.3% vs. 27.5%, χ 2 = 7.15, р < 0.01) and *15 (18.4% vs. 28.3%, χ 2 = 3.92; р < 0.01) HLA-DRB1* alleles were significantly lower, thus suggesting a protective effect of this allele. *04 allele seems to be a predisposing factor, whereas *07 and *15 alleles are protective for development of tuberculosis in children.

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Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ в динамике клинических, рентгенологических, иммунологических данных 127 детей -при по становке диагноза ЛТИ и через 12 мес. наблюдения. Также проведен комплекс иммунологических методов для оценки гуморального и клеточного иммунитета у пациентов с ЛТИ и больных туберкулезом.Результаты. Установлены высокая отрицательная прогностическая значимость наличия контакта с больным туберкулезом, сопутствующей патологии, отказа от проведения превентивной терапии, а также низкая эффективность краткосрочных курсов превентивной терапии, определены особенности клеточного и гуморального иммунитета пациента, которые могут быть использованы как дополнительные прогно стические критерии развития туберкулеза у детей с ЛТИ.Ключевые слова: дети, диагностика, иммунитет, иммунологические методы, латентная туберкулезная инфекция, туберкулез, факторы риска. PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR TUBERCULOSIS DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH LATENT TUBERCULOUS INFECTION N. V KORNEVA1, А. А. STARSHINOVA1, S. M. А П А М Е У 1-2, YU. E. OVCHINNIKOVA1,1. F. DOVGALYUK1'St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia 2TB Dispensary no. 5, St. Petersburg, RussiaGoal of the study: to detect specific immune response in children with latent tuberculous infection and define factors to forecast the development of the active disease in this group. Materials and methods.The changes in clinical, X-ray and immunological data were analyzed in 127 children when latent tuberculous infection was diagnosed and after 12 months of follow-up. The number of immunological tests was done for evaluation of humoral and cellular immunity in those suffering from latent tuberculous infection and active disease. Results.The obtained results showed high negative prognostic relevance of exposure to tuberculosis, concurrent disease, refusal to have preventive treatm ent and low efficiency of short-course preventive treatment, specific features of humoral and cellular immunity were defined which could be used as additional forecasting criteria for active tuberculosis development in children with latent tuberculous infection.

Миколаївський національний університет імені В.О. Сухомлинського ТРАНСНАЦIОНАЛІЗАЦІЯ СВІТОВОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА ЯК ПРОЯВ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ БІЗНЕСУ Анотація. Розглянуто послідовну трансформацію транснаціоналізації економічної діяльності на сучасному етапі розвитку світової економіки; проаналізовано системні компоненти інноваційного розвитку світової економіки; розкривається зміст транснаціоналізації світової економіки в контексті активізації інноваційних розробок. Особлива увага приділяється перспективним напрямкам трансформації інноваційної підтримки транснаціоналізації світової економіки.