Precision farming systems are being intensively introduced into the agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to developers and dealers, precision farming can reduce the cost of fertilizers, seeds, PPA, fuel and lubricants by 20% on average. At the same time, the efficiency possibilities resulting from the utilization of precision farming systems under certain conditions have not been fully studied. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of parallel and automatic driving systems on the technical, operational and economic indicators of units for sowing, chemical processing, harvesting, and autumn deep tillage using comparative tests in the northern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For these purposes, comparative tests were conducted for a seeder for sowing wheat; self-propelled sprayer for chemical weeding of wheat and flax; combine harvester for harvesting wheat; and unit for deep, subsurface tillage in Northern Kazakhstan. The comparative tests determined the impacts of GPS navigation systems, automatic and parallel control systems, and seeding control systems on agricultural, energy, operational, technological and economic performance of units.

Точное земледелие позволяет сократить затраты на внесение удобрений, семена, средства защиты растений и горюче-смазочные материалы в среднем на 20%. В настоящее время на рынке Республики Казахстан предлагают также различные элементы системы точного земледелия, как системы параллельного и автоматического вождения, контроля высева семян, картирования урожайности, дифференцированного внесения минеральных удобрений и СЗР, GPS-трекер с датчиком уровня топлива. При этом не до конца изучены возможности получения эффективности от применения систем точного земледелия в определенных условиях их использования. В статье приведены результаты сравнительных испытаний опрыскивателя самоходного на химической прополке посевов пшеницы и льна в условиях Северного Казахстана. Методика проведения сравнительных испытаний основывалась на требованиях государственных стандартов. В процессе проведения сравнительных испытаний определялись их условия, агротехнические, энергетические, эксплуатационно-технологические и экономические показатели опрыскивателя самоходного, оборудованного системой автоматического вождения, и без системы. Использование системы GPS навигации и автоматического управления на химпрополке зерновых и масличных культур способствует увеличению производительности на 14,6 %, снижению удельных энергозатрат на 8 %, расхода топлива на 17 %, а расхода рабочей жидкости на 14,5 %. При этом совокупные затраты денежных средств снижаются на 9 %, годовая экономия совокупных затрат денежных средств составляет 6562,6 тыс. тенге (1093,7 тыс. руб.). Precision agriculture reduces the cost for fertilizers, seeds, plant protection products, and petrol, oil, and lubricants by an average of 20%. Currently, the market of the Republic of Kazakhstan also offers various elements of precision agriculture systems, such as parallel and automatic guidance systems, seed control, yield mapping, differentiated application of mineral fertilizers and plant protection agents, and a GPS-tracker with a fuel level sensor. At the same time, the possibilities of obtaining efficiency from the use of precision agriculture systems in certain conditions of their use have not been fully studied yet. The article presents the results of comparative tests of a self-steering sprayer for chemical weeding of wheat and flax crops in Northern Kazakhstan. The method of conducting comparative tests was based on the requirements of state standards. When conducting comparative tests, their conditions, agrotechnical, energetic, operational, technological and economic indicators of a self-steering sprayer equipped with an automatic guidance system and without a system were determined. The use of the GPS navigation and automatic guidance systems in the chemical weeding of grain and oil crops increases productivity by 14.6 %, reduces specific energy consumption by 8 %, fuel consumption by 17 %, and working fluid consumption by 14.5 %. In such a case, total money costs are reduced by 9 %, and the annual saving of total money costs amounts to 6562.6 tenges (1093.7 rubles).

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies to substantiate a rational distance from the point of connection of the implement with the tractor to the axis of rotation of the support wheels and the distance from the axis of symmetry of the frame in the horizontal plane to the point of connection of the hitch with the frame in the vertical plane. Theoretical studies have established that the stability of the working bodies during the process of soil sowing (soil hardness of at least 6 MPa) will be provided at a distance from the point of connection of the implement with the tractor to the axis of rotation of the support wheels equal to 4,3-5,3 m. The distance from the axis of symmetry of the frame in the horizontal plane to the point of connection of the hitch with the frame should be in the range 0-300 mm. During experimental studies, the state of the soil at a processing depth of 0-30 cm corresponded to the following average indicators: soil hardness 4,8 MPa, humidity 16,3 %, bulk density 1,39 g/cm3. The tests in the farm conditions were carried out at the travel speeds of 7,2; 8,9 and 10,0 km/h. The depth of tillage with the chisel was 28,5-29,7 cm, with the disc tillage tools 8,8-9,5 cm. At the working width of 8.8 m and travel speed of 8,9 km/h the working capacity of the aggregate per 1 hour of the basic time is 7,8 ha, draught resistance is 82,3 kN. The fuel consumption per hour was 76,2 kg, while 9,7 kg is consumed per hectare. The power consumed to overcome the draught resistance of the implement is 203,5 kW. The stability of the technological process in terms of tilling depth and draught resistance indicates the validity of the selected constructive parameters of the chisel subsoiler for autumn tillage of stubble field.

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