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В статье представлены результаты исследований по влиянию различных видов комплексных удобрений с микроэлементами в хелатной форме на формирование урожайности яровой мягкой пшеницы сорта Архат при предпосевной обработке семян. Установлено, что только при использовании Гумостима прослеживается тенденция роста продуктивной кустистости. Выявлено, что обработка семян Цитовитом способствовала увеличению размеров колоса на 16,4 %. Отмечено, что прирост количества зерен при использовании Гумостима и Силипланта универсального составил 0,8-1,3 штуки, а наиболее озерненные колосья получены при применении Цитовита, прибавка к контролю составила 22,3 %. Применение комплексных микроэлементных удобрений способствовало улучшению технологических свойств зерна. Натура зерна при использовании ЭкоФуса, Гумостима и Цитовита увеличилась на 9-23 г/л. В годы исследований во всех вариантах опыта сформировалось высокостекловидное зерно, но значимых различий по вариантам по этому показателю качества не выявлено. В годы исследований применение ЭкоФуса, Гумостима и Силипланта универсального было равноценным по влиянию на накопление сырой клейковины, в этих вариантах прирост составил 1,2-3,8 % к контролю. Преимущество по этому показателю качества было за вариантом с обработкой семян Цитовитом, массовая доля сырой клейковины возросла на 5,6 % по сравнению с обработкой водой. По качеству клейковина во всех вариантах опыта в 2018 г. отвечала требованиям второй группы качества (ИДК 90-95единиц), а в 2019 г. она отвечала требованиям первой группы качества (ИДК 65-77 единиц). Однако, с увеличением количества сырой клейковины отмечено закономерное снижение ее упругих свойств. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of various types of complex fertilizers with microelements in chelate forms on the formation of the yield of spring soft wheat of the Arkhat variety during pre-sowing treatment of seeds. It was established that only when using Gumostim there is a tendency to increase productive tillering. It was revealed that treatment of seeds with Cytovit contributed to an increase in the size of the ear by 16.4 %. It was noted that the increase in the number of grains when using Gumostim and Multi-purpose Siliplant was 0.8-1.3 pieces, and the most grained ears were obtained using Cytovit, an increase to the control was 22.3 %. The use of complex micronutrient fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the technological properties of grain. The grain bulk density when using EcoFus, Gumostim and Cytovit increased by 9-23 g/l. During the years of research, a highly vitreous grain was formed in all variants of the experiment, but no significant differences for this quality indicator in the variants were revealed. In the years of research, the use of EcoFus, Gumostim, and Multi-purpose Siliplant was equivalent in effect on the accumulation of wet gluten; the increase was 1.2-3.8 % of the control in these variants. Seed treatment with Cytovit had advantage in this quality indicator. Mass fraction of wet gluten increased by 5.6 % compared with water treatment. In quality, gluten in all test variants in 2018 met the requirements of the second quality group (IDK 90-95 units), and in 2019 it met the requirements of the first quality group (IDK 65-77 units). However, with an increase in the amount of wet gluten, a natural decrease in its elastic properties was noted.

Currently, wood is used as an ecologically friendly type of fuel. But its supply is limited due to the long period of forest restoration. That's why looking for alternative sources of energy on non-wood origin, which would make a decent competitor to wood in terms of biomass growth speed, is an urgent task. Penza region has great possibilities for organizing plantations for cultivation of energy fast growing herbage plants with high content of cellulose on noncrop lands. One of the promising steps in this direction is the introduction of perennial Miscanthus giganteus into agriculture. For its introduction into the yielding, it's necessary to define the productivity and calorific capacity of Miscanthus. The peculiarities of plant growth in relation to local climatic conditions were discovered and the correspondence of the culture to the local moisture conditions was defined. In the year of plantation establishment (2013) on the light-grey soil at the excessive moisture, 14t/ha of top was received. A good development of yearlings increased their winter hardiness and the productivity of Miscanthus doubled the next year. Despite the arid conditions, in the third year of research, it increased by 7 t/ha as compared to the previous year. The fourth and fifth year of Miscanthus life were the most productive (40 and 41 t/ha) because they corresponded to the level of 2013 in terms of moisture conditions. The productivity of plantation in hyper arid 2018 and 2019 decreased to 30 t/ha. According to the main ecological and energy characteristics, chips from the stems of a seven-year-old Miscanthus meet European standards.

The main raw material for the production of cellulose is wood, which is also used as fuel, but it takes at least 80 years to regenerate forests. Therefore, it became necessary to find other possible sources of energy and cellulose. Miscanthus giganteus could become a possible and efficient renewable raw material. It also could replace forest crops in several ways. In this regard, in the Middle Volga region, which belongs to the zone of unstable moisture, the current research has been carried out since 2013 on the application of Miscanthus giganteus in light gray soil. Well-formed plants in the year the sowing with sufficient moisture provided the yield of the aboveground mass of 14 t/ha, in the second year it increased 2 times, in the third, despite the arid conditions, it reached 36 t/ha. The next two years were the most productive, when, with sufficient moisture, it was received 40 and 41 t/ha. In the severely arid years 2018 and 2019, it decreased by 9 and 11 t/ha, respectively, in relation to the fifth year of growing. The growing season of the last two years was favorable, but precipitation fell earlier or later than the critical phases of Miscanthus giganteus growing, which led to a decrease in yield to 25 t/ha. On average, per year, starting from the second year of growing, it could form 32 t/ha of energy biomass, which in terms of cellulose content, depending on the age of plants, is equal to wood (48.10-59.81%), and in terms of calorific value, raw materials correspond to the European standards.

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