Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid et White is one of the most dangerous root-knot nematodes in greenhouses. In this study, we evaluated two Bacillus strains (Bacillus velezensis BZR 86 and Bacillus velezensis BZR 277) as promising microbiological agents for protecting cucumber plants from the root-knot nematode M. incognita Kof. The morphological and cultural characteristics and enzymatic activity of the strains have been studied and the optimal conditions for its cultivation have been developed. We have shown the nematicidal activity of these strains against M. incognita. Experiments with the cucumber variety Courage were conducted under greenhouse conditions in 2016–2018. We determined the effect of plant damage with M. incognita to plants on the biometric parameters of underground and aboveground parts of cucumber plants, as well as on the gall formation index and yield. It was found that the treatment of plants with Bacillus strains contributed to an increase in the height of cucumber plants by 7.4–43.1%, an increase in leaf area by 2.7–17.8%, and an increase in root mass by 3.2–16.1% compared with the control plants without treatment. The application of these strains was proved to contribute to an increase in yield by 4.6–45.8% compared to control. Our experiments suggest that the treatment of cucumber plants with two Bacillus strains improved plant health and crop productivity in the greenhouse. B. velezensis BZR 86 and B. velezensis BZR 277 may form the basis for bionematicides to protect cucumber plants from the root-knot nematode M. incognita.

The phytopathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a causal agent of tan spot. Antagonistic microorganisms can be used as a non-chemical alternative treatment against the tan spot of wheat. Bacillus velezensis BZR 336 g and BZR 517 stains were selected as the most active microorganisms and potential biocontrol agents. We found that B. velezensis strains BZR 336 g and BZR 517 exhibited antagonistic activity against P. tritici-repentis Kr-15/2016 in vitro: they inhibited mycelium growth by 72.4–94.3% and caused its degenerative changes. Treatment of seeds and plants with strains BZR 336 g and BZR 517 provided a biological efficiency of 31.2–38.4% against tan spot, while artificial inoculation of plants provided only 28.4–43.8% biological efficiency. Treatment of seeds and plants with BZR 336 g and BZR 517 in a three-year field trial demonstrated 24.6–50% biological efficiency. BZR 336 g and BZR 517 provided 5.0–7.6% additional yield. We conclude that BZR 336 g and BZR 517 are promising options for novel bioproducts that can control P. tritici-repentis tan spot.

исследования-изучить технологию применения новых биофунгицидов от возбудителей парши Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter и мучнистой росы Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S. Salmon в интегрированной системе защиты растений и органическом земледелии. В 2016 и 2017 году были заложены производственные эксперименты по определению биологической и хозяйственной эффективности лабораторных образцов биофунгицидов в условиях Ростовской области и Краснодарского края. В качестве эталона использовалась стандартная хозяйственная технология-применение традиционных в данной системе земледелия средств защиты растений. В условиях Ростовской области в 2016 и 2017 перед уборкой урожая в зависимости от сорта яблок распространенность болезни на плодах в хозяйственном эталоне составляла 2,5 и 40,7%, а на лучшем опытном варианте не превышала 1,6 и 36,0%. Урожайность яблони при применении тестовой технологии была на 24% выше, чем при применении стандартной технологии. В условиях Краснодарского края на ранних этапах развития мучнистой росы и альтернариоза влияние лабораторных образцов биофунгицидов было достаточно эффективным. Эффективность была соответственно на 1,5-5,5% и 8-13% выше, чем в технологии с применением коммерческих биопрепаратов. Применение лабораторных образцов биофунгицидов в молодом саду способствовало сохранению урожайности на 25-105% по отношению к стандартной технологии. Применение технологий на основе лабораторных образцов биофунгицидов ФГБНУ ВНИИБЗР в зависимости от типа системы земледелия позволяли сэкономить до 70% затрат на покупку фунгицидов.

The massive use of one-component fungicides has caused the problem of the emergence of resistant forms of phytopathogens. The development of multicomponent plant protection products is one of the ways of dealing with such a situation. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of multicomponent chemical dressing agents in suppressing the most common fungal pathogens and seed infections in vitro. This work was performed in 2020 in the Federal Research Center for Biological Plant Protection (Krasnodar) in the laboratory of the creation of microbiological plant protection products and a collection of microorganisms. Fungi of the Fusarium, Microdochium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Septoria, Pyrenophora genera were used as test objects. The fungicidal activity of chemical preparations against economically significant phytopathogens causing root rot was evaluated in laboratory conditions by the method of serial dilutions followed by sowing on a nutrient medium. In addition, the effectiveness of the preparations was investigated by the method of treated seeds phytoexamination according to GOST 12044–93. The preparations, which included triazoles and phenylpyrroles, had the strongest inhibitory effect (100 %) on pathogens of Rhizoctonia, helminthosporiosis and septoria. The preparation containing compounds of the group of triazoles and strobilurins suppressed the growth of Rhizoctonia solani only. The preparations’ inhibitory effect on a number of phytopathogenic fungi was manifested in growth retardation, absence of aerial mycelium development and mycelium pigmentation. Concerning the causative agents of Fusarium root rot, the two-component preparations efficacy ranged from 51 % to 74.4 %; three-component one – from 42.9 % to 84.7 % depending on the species of the genus Fusarium. Presowing seed treatment made it possible to inhibit the growth of fungi of the genera Fusarium, Mucor, Aspergillus; significantly inhibit the development of the fungus Alternaria (spread in the experimental variant – 1.7 %, in the control variant – 46.7 %). From the data obtained, it can be concluded that multicomponent preparations based on triazoles and phenylpyrroles are highly effective in suppressing a wide range of phytopathogens and can be recommended for presowing seed treatment.

Цель работы: подбор регуляторов роста растений и биологических препаратов фунгицидного действия, оказывающих положительное влияние на энергию прорастания, всхожесть, рост и развитие растений томата сорта Транс Рио. Влияние регуляторов роста растений и микробиологических препаратов на энергию прорастания, всхожесть, рост и развитие растений было определено в лабораторных условиях на базе ФГБНУ ФНЦБЗР путем помещения обработанных семян во влажную камеру. Объектами исследования выступали регуляторы роста растений: Биодукс, Ж, ОберегЪ, Р, Иммуноцитофит, ТАБ; Рибав-Экстра, Р; биологические фунгициды на основе живых культур микроорганизмов: Гамаир, СП, Триходерма Вериде 471, СП, Псевдобактерин-2, Ж, Споробактерин, СП, а также штаммы В. velezensis BZR 517, В. velezensis BZR 336g. В работе был использован краситель Sapphire Seed Coat, разрешенный к применению в ЕС в органическом земледелии. Совместимость биопрепаратов была определена методом диффузии в агар. Исследование методом диффузии в арар показало, что краситель Sapphire Seed Coat не оказывает ингибирующего действия на микробиологические препараты Гамаир, СП; Триходерма 471, СП; Псевдобактерин-2, Ж; Споробактерин, СП и штаммы В. velezensis BZR 517, В. velezensis BZR 336g. Отмечено положительное влияние на рост и развитие томата препарата Гамаир, СП и штамма В. velezensis BZR 336g: увеличение массы корня на 23,5–52,9% и массы побега на 36,5–70,3%. Отмечено статистически значимое увеличение всех биометрических показателей при использовании смеси Иммуноцитофит, ТАБ и Sapphire Seed Coat: прибавка массы корня на 36,4%, длины и массы побега на 7,9 и 1,5% соответственно. Отобраны биопрепараты, которые будут задействованы в дальнейших этапах работы в качестве экологически безопасных средств для обработки семян томата с целью долгосрочного хранения (Гамаир, СП и штамм В. velezensisBZR 336g). Purpose of this work is to select plant growth regulators and biological preparations of fungicidal action that have a positive effect on the germination energy, germination, growth and development of tomato plants of the Trans Rio variety. The effect of plant growth regulators and microbiological preparations on germination energy, germination, growth and development of plants was determined in laboratory conditions at the base FSBSI FRCBPP by placing treated seeds in a humid chamber. The objects of the study were plant growth regulators: Biodux, F, Obereg, P, Immunocytophyte, TAB; Ribav-Extra, P; biological fungicides based on live cultures of microorganisms: Gamair, SP; Trichoderma Veride 471, SP, Pseudobacterin-2, F, Sporobacterin, SP, as well as strains of B. velezensisBZR 517, B. velezensis BZR 336g. The dye Sapphire Seed Coat, approved for use in the EU in organic farming, was used in the work. The compatibility of biological products was determined by the method of diffusion into agar. The method of diffusion into agar showed that the Sapphire Seed Coat does not have an inhibitory effect on the microbiological preparations Gamair, SP; Trichoderma 471, SP; Pseudobacterin-2, W; Sporobacterin, SP and the strains B. velezensis BZR 517, B. velezensis BZR 336g. A positive effect on the growth and development of tomato preparation Gamair, SP and strain B. velezensis BZR 336g was noted: an increase in root weight by 23.5–52.9% and shoot weight by 36.5–70.3%. There was a statistically significant increase in all biometric indicators when using a mixture of Immunocytophit, TAB and Sapphire Seed Coat: an increase in root weight by 36.4%, length and weight of the shoot by 7.9 and 1.5%, respectively. Biological products have been selected that will be used in the further stages of work as environmentally safe means for processing tomato seeds for long-term storage (Gamair, SP and B. velezensis strain BZR 336g).