Background. In recent years, the proportion of young people with functional disorders and diseases of the cardiovascular system has increased, in the formation of which behavioral risk factors play an important role. Aim. To assess the risk of functional disorders developing in young people aged 1825 depending on social status and lifestyle. Material and methods. An observational one-stage uncontrolled study, the object of which was young people aged 1825 years (1978 people), was conducted. The study sample was divided into four groups: working (n=200) and studying (n=313) males, working (n=526) and studying (n=939) females. To assess the relative cardiovascular risk, the groups were divided according to social status, to assess the impairment of adaptive capabilities according to the presence of a behavioral risk factor. Comparison of independent groups was performed using the MannWhitney test. Testing null hypotheses about the absence of differences between the shares was carried out using the 2 test and calculating the odds ratio. Results. Relative cardiovascular risk was found in 21.8% of young people. The chances of risk occurrence were higher in males than in females (p 0.001), in working youth compared to students (p 0.001). The chances of reducing the adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system were 2.1 times higher in smoking males (p 0.001) and 2.6 times higher in smoking females (p 0.001) compared to non-smoking respondents. In males with excessive alcohol consumption, in females with irregular meals and low physical activity, cases of tension in the mechanisms of adaptation of the cardiovascular system were more often noted (by 1.8; 1.4 and 1.7 times, respectively) compared with control groups. Conclusion. The risk of functional disorders developing was more common in young males than in females, in workers in comparison with students; cigarette smoking in both sexes, alcohol consumption in males, irregular meals and low physical activity in females contributed to a decrease in the reserve capacity of the circulatory system.

Introduction: Balanced diet is one of the principal factors of maintaining health; thus, actual nutrition monitoring is an important stage of disease prevention. The objective of the study wаs tо аssess the diet, macronutrient and micronutrient composition, and caloric balance of food. Materials and methods: Actual nutrition was studied in the autumn and winter periods by analyzing meal frequency among the high school pupils (Grades 10-11; the average age: 15.9±0.7 years). Results: The eating frequency of the schoolchildren ranged 2 to 6 without any marked differences between sexes. The analysis of distribution of the daily diet energy value showed that the majority of pupils received the maximum of food calories in the evening. Evaluation of the macronutrient composition of food demonstrated high protein and fat consumption accompanied by low consumption of complex carbohydrates in both sex groups against the background of the sufficient energy value of the diet. The contents of simple carbohydrates in the diet of both boys and girls were twice as much as the permissible values. The imbalanced diet led to changes in the micronutrient status of the schoolchildren with a more pronounced deficit of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron in girls. The deficit of vitamins B1, PP, and A was observed in all pupils. Undernutrition was more common in the young men while overnutrition prevailed among the girls. The risk group included 22.4% of the pupils with extreme values of the body mass index indicating pronounced changes in nutritional status. Normal BMI values were observed only in 40% of boys and in 38.3% of girls. Conclusions: We established that nutrition of the high school pupils was imbalanced and required correction.

The aim of the study was to find out the body composition features in persons of the first period of adulthood with different aging rates. Methods. The 2404 patient (607 men and 1797 women) of the first period of adulthood were observed. Body length, body weight, waist and hip circumferences were recorded according to generally accepted methods. The body composition was studied by the bioimpedance measurement. The biological age and the aging rate were calculated using the formulas of A.G. Gorelkin and B.B. Pinkhasov. Results. The majority of men (57.5%) had an accelerated aging rate, the majority of women (51.2%) had a delayed aging. The biological age of 19.1% men and 15.2% women coincided with the calendar age. Body composition differed statistically significantly in group with different aging rates and sex groups. The content of the relative fat mass increased and the relative lean, musculoskeletal, active cell masses decrease with increasing aging rate. The proportion of men and women with accelerated aging in the group with increased fat mass was 92.5% and 98.4% respectively. Excess fat mass increases the chances of premature aging by 5.5 times in men and 1.3 times in women in compared to individuals with optimal fat mass. Conclusion. The aging rate in men was highly correlated with fat, musculoskeletal masses and total body water, in women - with fat mass and total body water. High fat mass contributed to premature aging.