Introduction. The harmonious development of cognitive processes is a prerequisite for students’ successful mastering of the educational program. The aim of the study is to give a psychophysiological characteristic of the peculiarities of the formation of cognitive functions in senior students. Materials and methods. The study of the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) by the process of variational chronoreflexometry was carried out in 300 senior pupils of the traditional general education school; the assessment of cognitive abilities and intellectual level development was evaluated by using computer tests. Results. Pupils of the 9th and 11th grades were shown to have no significant differences in the CNS functional indices. In contrast, the CNS functional level was 1.6-1.7 times lower than the physiological norm. The nervous reaction’s stability was 1.3 -1.4 times, the level of functionality of the formed functional system was 1.3 times. The decrease in the level of CNS functioning of the studied adolescents was due to the consumption of reserve functional capabilities of the central nervous system and the body as a whole for the formation of cognitive functions, as evidenced by the development of verbal and non-verbal thinking in students from the 9th to the 11th grade, high speed of thinking processes, voluntary attention and its stability. It was proved that the development of thinking contributed to the formation of voluntary attention, an increase in its stability, and the degree of concentration, confirmed by the established correlation of moderate strength between the accuracy index and the level of formation of various types of thinking (r = 0,4). Conclusion. The established features of students’ intellectual development during a three-year study can be taken into account when organizing the educational process in traditional educational institutions to increase the level of cognitive development and academic performance of students.

No abstract

The article presents data on the features of functional reserves, the level of biological adaptation, mental performance of students by the profession driller. We found that more than half of the adolescents had reduced adaptive reserves of varying severity. Thus, the level of functional reserves, which was reduced relative to the physiological norm, was noted in 89 % of the 1st year, 83.4 % in the 2nd year and 93.3 % in the 3rd year students. In parallel, there was the growth trend to the 3rd year of study from the students number with reduced performance (from 27.6 % to 33.3 %) and an increase by 1.6 times of the students number with a significantly reduced level of performance.

The active transformation of the higher professional education system from a traditional form of education to a digital educational environment has created new health risks for students. The article presents the results of a hygienic assessment of factors of the intra-University environment, organization of the educational process and lifestyle during school and extracurricular time. The data obtained indicate that the priority adverse factors associated with vision are a high level of educational visual and intellectual loads, the intensity of the educational process, which is formed mainly due to sensory loads, a low level of natural and artificial lighting, non-compliance of the placement of educational furniture with hygienic requirements in practical classes and lecture halls; as well as high visual loads in students during extracurricular time when preparing for classes for more than 4 hours using computers, electronic gadgets, visiting social networks via mobile phones more than five times a day (the average duration of one session on the Internet is from 5 to 10 minutes for every third student; 38.1 % of students spent 30 to 60 minutes on one session on the Internet), playing on various gadgets and computers against the background of a lack of night sleep, walking in the open air, low motor activity and adherence to Smoking and alcohol consumption. The identified risk factors associated with vision determined the high prevalence of myopia among the subjects, which was 295 cases per 1000 examined.

The article presents data showing the effect of environmental factors on the prevelence of autoimmune disorders, the example of alopecia areata. The results of mathematical modeling of the formation of this dermatosis prevalence depending on the content of zinc, copper, nickel, chromium and lead in the environment were described. It was found that an increase in the content of these metals in the soil increases the likelihood of the formation of high levels of incidence of alopecia areata. However, the content of the same metals in the air has no effect on the formation of prevelence of this autoimmune skin disease. Using data on the content of zinc, copper, nickel, chromium and lead in the soil developed logit-model allows us to predict the prevalence rates of alopecia areata and make appropriate management decisions.